Disparities in Cervical Cancer Among LHS+ Women: A Primer for Medical Students.

Introduction: Latina, Latino, Latinx, Latine, Hispanic, or of Spanish origin+ (LHS+) women face higher cervical cancer risks, incidence, and mortality compared to non-Hispanic White women. These disparities are attributable to socioeconomic factors, limited access to health care, language and cultural barriers, and negative health care experiences.

Methods: We used the Kern model to design, implement, and evaluate a workshop to educate medical students and health care professionals on cervical cancer disparities among LHS+ women and culturally competent communication skills.

Heat-related mortality in Mexico: A multi-scale spatial analysis of extreme heat effects and municipality-level vulnerability.

Understanding effects of extreme heat across diverse settings is critical as social determinants play an important role in modifying heat-related risks. We apply a multi-scale analysis to understand spatial variation in the effects of heat across Mexico and explore factors that are explaining heterogeneity. Daily all-cause mortality was collected from the Mexican Secretary of Health and municipality-specific extreme heat events were estimated using population-weighted temperatures from 1998 to 2019 using Daymet and WorldPop datasets.

Integrated Behavioral Health: A Curriculum for Residents in Rural and Community Psychiatry.

Introduction: Mental health and substance use disorders are common in the United States; however, only a portion of adults with these conditions receive treatment. Recent recommendations include using integrated behavioral health (IBH) models to increase patient access to care. Despite IBH's effectiveness, few psychiatry residents are trained in it.

Deriving human intestinal organoids with functional tissue-resident macrophages all from pluripotent stem cells.

Background & Aims: Organs of the gastrointestinal tract contain tissue-resident immune cells that function during tissue development, homeostasis, and disease. However, most published human organoid model systems lack resident immune cells, thus limiting their potential as disease avatars. For example, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from pluripotent stem cells contain epithelial and various mesenchymal cell types but lack immune cells.

Presynchronization with a progesterone device and prostaglandin F2α enhances ovulatory response to first GnRH, estrus expression and tended to increase fertility in beef heifers submitted to a 5-day CO-Synch protocol.

The main objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of presynchronizing with a 1.0 g intravaginal progesterone device (IVPD) and prostaglandin F2α and to assess the effects of re-utilization of IVPD in a 2x2 factorial design, on the ovulatory response to first GnRH, ovarian status at different protocol stages, estrus expression and fertility in beef heifers submitted to a 5d-CO-Synch + Progesterone (P4) protocol. Beef heifers (n = 564) were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments at D-15: Pres5 (n = 283), where heifers received a (IVPD) for 5 days and administration of prostaglandin F2α (25 mg of dinoprost) at D-10; and Control (n = 281), where heifers received no treatment.

Unconventional Germination in Terrestrial Plants: A Counterintuitive Case in Desiccation-Sensitive (Clusiaceae) Seeds Showing Seedling Growth Without Roots.

Unconventional germination, wherein shoots emerge and establish true leaves before the root emerges, is only found in Zosteraceae. In , germination proceeds with the primary root emerging, followed by shoot emergence on the opposite side, but before leaf differentiation, adventitious roots emerge at the base of the shoots. However, germination and survival mechanisms in several species are still unclear.

Environmental impacts of land application of biosolids to perennial pastures.

Land application of biosolids to pastures confers multiple agronomic and environmental benefits, particularly in coarse-textured soils with low nutrient and organic matter levels. However, concerns over potential water quality have led to more stringent regulations that will limit beneficial reuse of biosolids in Florida. This 3-year field study evaluated the impacts of biosolids application strategies on N and P leaching losses, and soil P availability in an established bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flueggé) pasture.

Incomplete Resection Is Twice as Likely in Locally Advanced Mucinous Compared to Nonmucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma: A National Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) has poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCR) and higher involved radial surgical margin rates than nonmucinous rectal adenocarcinoma (NMA).

Methods: The National Cancer Database (2010-2018) was queried for adult patients with clinical stage II and III rectal cancer. Patients with MA and NMA treated with NCR and total mesorectal excision (TME) were identified.

Patients on Antidepressants Are at an Increased Risk of Adverse Events following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: A large proportion of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients are on antidepressant medications at the time of surgery. Postoperative outcomes of this patient demographic have not been characterized. This study compared the risk of 90-day adverse events and 5-year survival to revision surgery between patients on antidepressants and those not on antidepressants at the time of surgery.

Trends in Total Hip Arthroplasty Length of Stay and Coding Status From 2018 to 2021: Two-Year Impact of the Removal From the Inpatient-Only List.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) was removed from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services inpatient-only (IPO) list on January 1, 2020. The impact of this policy changes on length of stay (LOS) and coding status (inpatient/outpatient) beyond 2020 remains to be fully defined.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2018 to 2021 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Bilingual language model for protein sequence and structure.

Adapting language models to protein sequences spawned the development of powerful protein language models (pLMs). Concurrently, AlphaFold2 broke through in protein structure prediction. Now we can systematically and comprehensively explore the dual nature of proteins that act and exist as three-dimensional (3D) machines and evolve as linear strings of one-dimensional (1D) sequences.

Smartphone-Enabled Point-of-Care Testing for Prehospital Stroke Diagnosis.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurement in prehospital settings, with the aim of improving the speed and accuracy of stroke diagnosis, thereby facilitating quicker and more effective patient care.

Methods: Prehospital blood samples were collected from suspected stroke patients, and NT-proBNP levels were measured using a POCT device in ambulances and hospitals. Results from the NT-proBNP POCT and smartphone images were analyzed.

Discovery of Potent and Selective Pyridone-Based Small Molecule Kinetic Stabilizers of Amyloidogenic Immunoglobulin Light Chains.

Kinetic stabilization of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) through small molecule binding may become the first treatment for the proteinopathy component of light chain amyloidosis (AL). Kinetic stabilizers selectively bind to the native state over the misfolding transition state, slowing denaturation. Prior λ full-length LC dimer (FL LC) kinetic stabilizers exhibited considerable plasma protein binding.

Outcomes of the Subsequent Periprosthetic Joint Infection Revisions after a Failed Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention: A Multicentric Study of 197 Patients.

The impact of prior unsuccessful debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) procedures on subsequent revisions is uncertain, with conflicting evidence. Despite 85% consensus against the second DAIR procedure following the 2018 International Consensus Meeting, a 2020 study reported high success rates for the aforementioned second DAIR procedure. We conducted a multicenter observational study reviewing data from patients with failed DAIR procedures between 2005 and 2021.

Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir for HIV Prevention in Men and Gender-Diverse Persons.

Background: Twice-yearly subcutaneous lenacapavir has been shown to be efficacious for prevention of HIV infection in cisgender women. The efficacy of lenacapavir for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and gender-nonbinary persons is unclear.

Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled trial, we randomly assigned participants in a 2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous lenacapavir every 26 weeks or daily oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF).

Prescribing Patterns in a Primary Care Service in a Rural Site in the Philippines from April 2019 to March 2020 - A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Appropriate use of medication is an important indicator of quality healthcare delivery among children. Previously published studies on drug utilization involved Filipino households in general and were conducted in the 1990s. No recent Philippine studies have been conducted that focus on drug utilization in children.

A Nutritional Strategy Based on Multiple Components for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background/objectives: The optimal dietary approach for managing glycemic and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still uncertain, though it should be tailored for clinical settings. Therefore, we sought to assess the impact of a multicomponent nutritional strategy on glycemic control in T2D patients within a public health system.

Methods: NUGLIC was an open-label, parallel-group, superiority, multicenter randomized controlled trial.

BDNF Differentially Affects Low- and High-Frequency Neurons in a Primary Nucleus of the Chicken Auditory Brainstem.

Neurotrophins are proteins that mediate neuronal development using spatiotemporal signaling gradients. The chicken nucleus magnocellularis (NM), an analogous structure to the mammalian anteroventral cochlear nucleus, provides a model system in which signaling between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) is temporally regulated. In the NM, TrkB expression is high early in development (embryonic [E] day 9) and is downregulated until maturity (E18-21).

Untargeted urine metabolomics suggests that ascorbic acid may serve as a promising biomarker for reduced feed intake in rabbits.

Feed restriction is a common nutritional practice in rabbit farming; however, decreased feed intake can also signal potential digestive disorders at an early stage. This study endeavors to investigate the impact of feed restriction on selected productive traits and the urinary metabolome of juvenile rabbits across diverse genetic backgrounds. Our objective is to identify potential biomarkers capable of detecting periods of fasting.