[Global study on tobacco use among youth 13-15 years old in the Russian Federation: dynamic surveillance 2004-2021].

Unlabelled: The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the global surveys among youth 13-15 years old on tobacco consumption, conducted in 2004, 2015, 2021 in Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Cheboksary, Moscow, Pskov and the Russian Federation. The dynamics and trends in consumption of tobacco, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are analyzed.

Materials And Methods: The surveys used representative samples formed on the basis of all public schools.

[Automatic blood reinfusion in intraabdominal bleedings].

147 patients with polytrauma, complicated by acute large-volume intraabdominal bleeding, were included in the study. Anesthetic regimens and blood loss compensation were retrospectively analyzed. Thus, all patints were divided inti 3 groups: 1st group received only intraoperative blood reinfusion, 2nd group - got auto- and donor blood reinfusion, 3rd group had only donor blood transfusions.

[The development of medical information consulting systems].

A model of an information-and-consultative system (ICS) designed for practitioners and students in the field of pulmonology at the Research Institute for Pulmonology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (project director--A.G. Chuchalin) is outlined in the paper.

[Educational programs on ventilation-perfusion ratio].

The paper describes a learning programme for calculating the characteristics of arterial blood from the ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lungs by using a three-variable mathematical model of the lung. The lungs are presented as a set of three components which differ in ventilation and perfusion: 1) a fraction of ventilated and O2-perfused alveoles; 2) a fraction of non-perfused and ventilated alveoles; 3) a fraction of unventilated and non-perfused alveoles. Results of calculations are provided.

[Hemodynamic aspects of the treatment of patients with "critical ischemia" of the lower extremities].

A complex examination of 60 patients with different stages of disturbances of blood circulation (by the Fontain classification) with chronic arterial insufficiency was performed. Specific features of regional hemodynamics were revealed in patient with "critical ischemia" (3rd and 4th stages of the disease). Threshold values of the "critical ischemia" were determined, most informative of them being the malleolus index and oxygen pressure on the foot.

[Changes in central hemodynamics in chronic liver diseases (radiocardiologic study)].

Some indices of central hemodynamics: cardiac and systolic indices, specific peripheral resistance and circulating plasma and blood volumes were studied in 136 patients with chronic liver diseases using radionuclide cardiography. I. Three hemodynamic types of blood circulation (hyper-, eu- and hypokinetic) were defined in patients with chronic liver diseases as well as in healthy persons.

[Program for interpreting acid-base disorders and assessing blood oxygenation].

The paper describes a program for the interpretation of deviations in the acid-base state (AAS) and the estimation of the blood oxygenation levels. The program was developed for the Iskra-226 microcomputer and is intended for a direct measurement of the gas composition of the blood. The program makes it possible to calculate the AAS and the blood oxygenation levels (20 parameters), to estimate the AAS deviation type and the degree of its compensation, it accumulates and stores the patient data, keeps records of case histories.