A Frustrated Antipolar Phase Analogous to Classical Spin Liquids.

The study of magnetic frustration in classical spin systems is motivated by the prediction and discovery of classical spin liquid states. These uncommon magnetic phases are characterized by a massive degeneracy of their ground state implying a finite magnetic entropy at zero temperature. While the classical spin liquid state is originally predicted in the Ising triangular lattice antiferromagnet in 1950, this state has never been experimentally observed in any triangular magnets.

Concurrent Amorphization and Nanocatalyst Formation in Cu-Substituted Perovskite Oxide Surface: Effects on Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Elevated Temperatures.

The activity and durability of chemical/electrochemical catalysts are significantly influenced by their surface environments, highlighting the importance of thoroughly examining the catalyst surface. Here, Cu-substituted LaSrCoFeO is selected, a state-of-the-art material for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), to explore the real-time evolution of surface morphology and chemistry under a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures. Remarkably, in a pioneering observation, it is discovered that the perovskite surface starts to amorphize at an unusually low temperature of approximately 100 °C and multicomponent metal nanocatalysts additionally form on the amorphous surface as the temperature raises to 400 °C.

Cost burden following esophagectomy: A single centre observational study.

Background: Cost analyses of patients undergoing esophagectomy is valuable for identifying modifiable expenditure drivers to target and curtail costs while improving the quality of care. We aimed to define the cost-complication relationship after esophagectomy and delineate the incremental contributions to costs.

Aim: To assess the relationship between the hospital costs and potential cost drivers post esophagectomy and investigate the relationship between the cost-driving variables (predicting variables) and hospital costs (dependent variable).

Reconstruction for Congenital Absence of the Fifth Metacarpal.

We report a case of an isolated congenital absence of the right fifth metacarpal with ring and little finger syndactyly in a 6-year-old girl without other ipsilateral limb anomalies or phenotypic disorders. The patient underwent amputation of the hypoplastic right little finger with reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament of the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint as well as hypothenar muscle transfer. She has returned to normal childhood activities without limitation at 3 months after surgery.

Anaesthetic and perioperative considerations for extrapleural pneumonectomy and extended pleurectomy/decortication: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and extended pleurectomy/decortication (ePD) are surgical cytoreductive techniques aimed at achieving macroscopic resection in malignant pleural tumours such as pleural mesothelioma, non-mesothelioma pleural malignancies such as thymoma and sarcoma, and rarely for pleural tuberculosis, in a more limited fashion. Despite extensive studies on both surgical techniques and consequences, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding how best to approach the perioperative anaesthesia challenges for EPP and ePD.It is unknown if the risk stratification processes for such surgeries are standardised or what types of functional and dynamic cardiac and pulmonary tests are employed preoperatively to assist in the perioperative risk stratification.

Minimalistic approach to enhanced recovery after pediatric scoliosis surgery.

Purpose: Prior studies of enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) have been conducted at large institutions with abundant resources. These results may not apply at institutions with less resources directed to quality improvement efforts. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of a minimalistic enhanced recovery protocol in reducing length of stay (LOS) following PSF for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

A Pragmatic Account of the Weak Evidence Effect.

Language is not only used to transmit neutral information; we often seek to by arguing in favor of a particular view. Persuasion raises a number of challenges for classical accounts of belief updating, as information cannot be taken at face value. How should listeners account for a speaker's "hidden agenda" when incorporating new information? Here, we extend recent probabilistic models of recursive social reasoning to allow for persuasive goals and show that our model provides a account for why weakly favorable arguments may backfire, a phenomenon known as the weak evidence effect.

Disparities in Pediatric Scoliosis: The Impact of Race and Insurance Type on Access to Nonoperative Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has evidence-based, nonoperative treatments proven to be effective with early diagnosis and prompt treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify potential disparities in access to nonoperative treatment for AIS. Specifically, we sought to determine the interaction of socioeconomic factors on a major curve magnitude and recommend treatment at the initial presentation.

Endoscopic Proximal Median Nerve Decompression: An Alternative Treatment for Pronator Syndrome.

Proximal forearm median nerve compressive neuropathy, termed as pronator syndrome, is difficult to diagnose and often overlooked. Its symptoms include vague proximal volar forearm pain that may be associated with paresthesia and numbness in the median nerve distribution. Weakness is typically not present.

Use of Autologous Skin Cell Suspension for the Treatment of Hand Burns: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: Autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) is a valid alternative and adjunct to split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) for treating burns. Limited data exists regarding the use of ASCS for hand burns. We hypothesized that using ASCS in hand burns shortens healing time with no difference in complications and less donor site morbidity.

The Feasibility of Utilizing Malunion Criteria to Limit Radiographs After Spica Casting for Pediatric Femur Fractures.

Background: There are no existing guidelines regarding the timing or frequency of postoperative radiographs following spica casting for pediatric femur fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate established femoral malunion criteria as a potential screening tool to limit postoperative radiographs by identifying patients at risk for unacceptable alignment in the early treatment period.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for pediatric femoral shaft fractures presenting to a tertiary pediatric referral hospital from 2012 to 2017.

An electric field cell for performing single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

With the recent increase in research into ferroelectric, anti-ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials, studying the solid-state properties under applied electric fields is vital in understanding the underlying processes. Where this behaviour is the result of atomic displacements, crystallographic insight has an important role. This work presents a sample environment designed to apply an electric field to single-crystal samples on the small-molecule single-crystal diffraction beamline I19, Diamond Light Source (UK).

Atypical osteochondroma of the lumbar spine associated with suprasellar pineal germinoma: A case report.

Background: Osteochondromas are the most common benign bone tumor, accounting for 36% of benign bone tumors. Often found within the appendicular skeleton, osteochondromas of the spine are rare, comprising 4% to 7% of primary benign spinal tumors.

Case Summary: We report a case of a solitary lumbar osteochondroma in an 18-year-old male with a history of a suprasellar pineal germinoma treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation.

Effect of Nanoscale CeGdO Infiltrant and Steam Content on Ni-(YO)(ZrO) Fuel Electrode Degradation during High-Temperature Electrolysis.

Studies of Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fuel electrode degradation mechanisms in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are complicated by the different possible Ni-YSZ microstructures and compositions, and the variations in the H/HO ratio encountered in an electrolysis stack. Here we describe a life testing scheme aimed at providing survey results on degradation as a function of the HO-H composition, with life tests carried out at five different steam contents from 90% to 10%. A Ni-YSZ-supported symmetric cell geometry is employed both with and without infiltrated nanoscale gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC).

Proximal tibia fracture dislocations: Management and outcomes of a severe and under-recognized injury.

Introduction: Proximal tibia fracture dislocations (PTFDs) are a subset of plateau fractures with little in the literature since description by Hohl (1967) and classification by Moore (1981). We sought to evaluate reliability in diagnosis of fracture-dislocations by traumatologists and to compare their outcomes with bicondylar tibial plateau fractures (BTPFs).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study at 14 level 1 trauma centers throughout North America.

The Impact of Cast Immobilization on Return to Daycare.

Background: Children who are prohibited from returning to daycare (RTD) after treatment with cast immobilization place an increased burden on parents and caregivers. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of cast immobilization on RTD. Specifically, we sought to determine the prevalence of RTD after orthopaedic immobilization based on daycare facility policy.

Self-Assembly of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Captopril and Lisinopril and Their Crystal Structures.

The peptide angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and lisinopril are unexpectedly shown to exhibit critical aggregation concentration (CAC) behavior through measurements of surface tension, electrical conductivity, and dye probe fluorescence. These three measurements provide similar values for the CAC, and there is also evidence from circular dichroism spectroscopy for a possible conformational change in the peptides at the same concentration. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy indicates the formation of micelle-like aggregates above the CAC, which can thus be considered a critical micelle concentration, and the formation of aggregates with a hydrodynamic radius of ∼6-7 nm is also evidenced by dynamic light scattering.

Outcomes for Hand Burns Treated With Autologous Skin Cell Suspension in 20% TBSA and Smaller Injuries.

In order to address the confounder of TBSA on burn outcomes, we sought to analyze our experience with the use of autologous skin cell suspensions (ASCS) in a cohort of subjects with hand burns whose TBSA totaled 20% or less. We hypothesized that the use of ASCS in conjunction with 2:1 meshed autograft for the treatment of hand burn injuries would provide comparable outcomes to hand burns treated with sheet or minimally meshed autograft alone. A retrospective review was conducted for all deep partial and full-thickness hand burns treated with split-thickness autograft (STAG) at our urban verified burn center between April 2018 and September 2020.

Simulation of the Electrochemical Impedance in a Three-Dimensional, Complex Microstructure of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode and Its Application in the Microstructure Characterization.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for material characterization and diagnosis of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) as it enables separation of different phenomena such as bulk diffusion and surface reaction that occur simultaneously in the SOFC. In this work, we simulate the electrochemical impedance in an experimentally determined, three-dimensional (3D) microstructure of a mixed ion-electron conducting (MIEC) SOFC cathode. We determine the impedance response by solving the mass conservation equation in the cathode under the conditions of an AC load across the cathode's thickness and surface reaction at the pore/solid interface.

Strategies for the Management of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: A Survey of Patient Preferences.

Background: Guideline-based strategies for evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules are tailored to the likelihood of malignancy. Surveillance, biopsy, and resection are all reasonable approaches in fit individuals when the likelihood of malignancy is intermediate. Given the paucity of data demonstrating superior outcomes and important trade-offs among strategies, guidelines emphasize the importance of eliciting patient preferences and engaging in shared decision making; however, there is little literature on what patient preferences actually are.

Intraoperative Burden of Flexible Intramedullary Nailing and Spica Casting for Femur Fractures in Young Children.

Background: Spica casting (Spica) remains the widely accepted treatment of closed femoral shaft fractures in young children aged 6 months to 5 years. In some centers, there has been a recent trend towards surgical fixation of these fractures with flexible intramedullary nails (FINs). Despite numerous studies evaluating both Spica and FIN treatment of femoral shaft fractures, there remains a paucity of data regarding patient burden during the intraoperative period.

Selective Gas Uptake and Rotational Dynamics in a (3,24)-Connected Metal-Organic Framework Material.

The desolvated (3,24)-connected metal-organic framework (MOF) material, MFM-160a, [Cu(L)(HO)] [HL = 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-tris(aminophenyl-4-isophthalic acid)], exhibits excellent high-pressure uptake of CO (110 wt% at 20 bar, 298 K) and highly selective separation of C hydrocarbons from CH at 1 bar pressure. Henry's law selectivities of 79:1 for CH:CH and 70:1 for CH:CH at 298 K are observed, consistent with ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) predictions. Significantly, MFM-160a shows a selectivity of 16:1 for CH:CO.

Comparison of Short-leg and Long-leg Casts for the Treatment of Distal Third Tibial Shaft Fractures in Children.

Background: Long-leg casts (LLCs) are an established treatment for pediatric tibial shaft fractures including fractures involving the distal third. There is a paucity of literature assessing the use of short-leg cast (SLC) for tibial shaft fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine if SLC were as effective as LLC for the treatment of pediatric distal third tibial shaft fractures.

One Guest or Two? A Crystallographic and Solution Study of Guest Binding in a Cubic Coordination Cage.

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Michael D. Ward at the University of Warwick. The image depicts structures of the host cage containing one guest or two guests.