High-Performance Piezoelectric Micro Diaphragm Hydrogen Sensor.

Highly sensitive, selective, and compact hydrogen (H) sensors for safety and process monitoring are needed due to the growing adoption of H as a clean energy carrier. Current resonant frequency-based H sensors face a critical challenge in simultaneously achieving high sensitivity, low operating frequency, and miniaturization while maintaining a high figure of merit (FOM). This study addresses these challenges by introducing a novel piezoelectric micro diagram (PMD) H sensor that achieves an unprecedented FOM exceeding 10.

Diagnosis and Prevention of Transition Zone Pull-through in Patients With Hirschsprung Disease.

Context.—: Surgery for Hirschsprung disease includes resection of the aganglionic bowel and adjacent transition zone (ganglionic bowel with partial circumferential aganglionosis, myenteric hypoganglionosis, and/or submucosal nerve hypertrophy). Pathology practices, including intraoperative frozen sections and sampling of resection specimens and accurate recognition and reporting of transition zone histopathology, are necessary to both prevent and diagnose incomplete resection.

Social Deprivation Index and Pediatric Pedestrian-vs-Automobile Collisions in Ohio.

Background: Social Deprivation Index (SDI) is a composite measurement of disadvantage in which higher SDI indicates worse social deprivation. Previous studies have suggested a relationship between pedestrian-vs-automobile (PVA) collisions and poverty among adults, but a similar association using state-level pediatric data has not previously been shown. We hypothesize that pediatric PVA collision incidence will differ with SDI and urbanicity across Ohio.

Feasibility and outcomes of PCI with novel tapered coronary stent in people living with HIV: A prospective, single-center study with literature review.

Background And Objective: Patients with chronic HIV infection face a high risk of premature coronary atherosclerosis, partly due to continuous HAART therapy and susceptibility to opportunistic infections, complicating percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). HIV patients have unique coronary vasculature characteristics. This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of PCI using the novel tapered sirolimus-eluting coronary stent (SES) system in HIV patients.

Evaluating the role of AI chatbots in patient education for abdominal aortic aneurysms: a comparison of ChatGPT and conventional resources.

Backgrounds: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) carry significant risks, yet patient understanding is often limited, with online resources typically low quality. ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot, presents a new frontier in patient education, but concerns remain about misinformation. This study evaluates the quality of ChatGPT-generated patient information on AAA.

Minimisation of blood sampling losses in preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of minimising blood sampling losses on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion-related outcomes in preterm infants <37 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to October 2024 for studies that evaluated sampling stewardship practices (SSP) in preterm infants during initial hospitalisation. Two authors independently screened articles that evaluated one or more sampling approaches to minimise blood loss or non-invasive methods to avoid sampling losses.

Association between induction start time and labor duration in nulliparous women undergoing elective induction of labor.

Objective: To examine the association between elective induction of labor (EIOL) start time and labor duration among nulliparous women Methods: The ARRIVE trial was a multi-center randomized controlled trial of induction of labor at 39 weeks 0 days to 39 weeks 4 days versus expectant management in low-risk nulliparous women. In this secondary analysis, we included participants randomized to the induction group who had an EIOL without spontaneous labor or rupture of membranes prior to the induction start. Start time of EIOL was categorized as: early AM (midnight to 5:59 AM), late AM (6 AM-11:59 AM), early PM (noon-5:59 PM), or late PM (6 PM-11:59 PM).

Systemic HER3 ligand-mimicking nanobioparticles enter the brain and reduce intracranial tumour growth.

Crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reaching intracranial tumours is a clinical challenge for current targeted interventions including antibody-based therapies, contributing to poor patient outcomes. Increased cell surface density of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is associated with a growing number of metastatic tumour types and is observed on tumour cells that acquire resistance to a growing number of clinical targeted therapies. Here we describe the evaluation of HER3-homing nanobiological particles (nanobioparticles (NBPs)) on such tumours in preclinical models and our discovery that systemic NBPs could be found in the brain even in the absence of such tumours.

Discovery of GJG057, a Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor of Leukotriene C4 Synthase.

Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) is a glutathione -transferase that mediates the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are lipid mediators that drive type 2 inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and itch. Thus, LTC4S represents an attractive drug target for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases, but to date, no LTC4S inhibitor has been tested in patients.

Gastrostomy tube placement for children with autism spectrum disorders and functional constipation.

Objectives: Children with functional constipation (FC) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often face sensory and behavioral conditions that prevent giving oral medical therapy to improve constipation and incontinence. We aimed to assess whether children with ASD and FC who had difficulty in taking oral medications could benefit from gastrostomy tube (GT) placement.

Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was performed in children diagnosed with ASD and FC from 2020 to 2023.

Evaluating Access and Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy in Pediatric Hirschsprung Disease.

Background In patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD), pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) is recommended for persistent incontinence or constipation refractory to other treatment, but there are no studies on utilization of PFPT. We aimed to assess clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with successful establishment with PFPT and outcomes following PFPT. Methods We performed a single-institution, retrospective chart review of patients with HD referred to PFPT between 2020 - 2023, involving both exercise and biofeedback.

Child Opportunity Index is not Associated With Cleanliness in Patients With Anorectal Malformations Treated at Pediatric Colorectal Centers: A Multi-Institutional Study.

Background: Individually collected social determinants of health (SDOH) have been associated with negative outcomes in children with anorectal malformations (ARMs). Our aim was to assess whether the Child Opportunity Index (COI) is associated with bowel management strategy and fecal cleanliness in patients with ARM managed at specialized pediatric colorectal centers. We hypothesized that children from low COI would have lower rates of cleanliness.

Distributed quantum computing across an optical network link.

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) combines the computing power of multiple networked quantum processing modules, ideally enabling the execution of large quantum circuits without compromising performance or qubit connectivity. Photonic networks are well suited as a versatile and reconfigurable interconnect layer for DQC; remote entanglement shared between matter qubits across the network enables all-to-all logical connectivity through quantum gate teleportation (QGT). For a scalable DQC architecture, the QGT implementation must be deterministic and repeatable; until now, no demonstration has satisfied these requirements.

Association of postpartum oxytocin dose and postpartum bleeding outcomes in nulliparous patients at term.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic oxytocin in the third stage of labor is globally accepted as standard of care for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage; however, the most effective dose of oxytocin is unknown. While studies suggest a possible benefit of higher doses of postpartum prophylactic oxytocin, results are inconclusive, and data are limited.

Protocol of the Nutritional, Psychosocial, and Environmental Determinants of Neurodevelopment and Child Mental Health (COINCIDE) study.

Background: Over 250 million children are developing sub-optimally due to their exposure to early life adversities. While previous studies have examined the effects of nutritional status, psychosocial adversities, and environmental pollutants on children's outcomes, little is known about their interaction and cumulative effects.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the independent, interaction, and cumulative effects of nutritional, psychosocial, and environmental factors on children's cognitive development and mental health in urban and rural India.

Estimation of surface doses in the presence of an air gap under a bolus for a 6 MV clinical photon beam - a phantom study.

Goal of the present study was to develop and build a phantom that replicates the air gaps under a gel bolus and to estimate the surface dose (D) under normal incidence with a 6 MV photon beam. For this, an acrylic phantom with 10 plates, each including five open slots (one in the centre and four off axis) with a size of 2 cm × 2 cm at depths of 0.54 cm, 0.

Unique presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis in a paediatric patient.

A paediatric patient presented with periorbital oedema and fever. Initially, there was low suspicion for cavernous sinus thrombosis and orbital cellulitis due to the presence of full extraocular movements. However, given worsening bilateral periorbital oedema, lethargy and sepsis, neuroimaging was performed demonstrating inflammation and enhancement of the leptomeninges and left cavernous sinus, and raising concern for cavernous sinus thrombosis in the setting of orbital cellulitis.

Long-term Outcomes of Heineke-Mikulicz Anoplasty for Treatment of Skin-level Strictures.

Background: The Heineke-Mikulicz anoplasty (HMA) is a technique for addressing skin-level postoperative strictures following posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and posterior sagittal anorectovaginourethroplasty (PSARVUP). We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes with HMA as a treatment for postoperative anal strictures.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for patients with a history of ARM who underwent HMA for skin-level anal strictures.

Design and Synthesis of Topoisomerases-Histone Deacetylase Dual Targeted Quinoline-Bridged Hydroxamates as Anticancer Agents.

The multifactorial nature of cancer requires treatment that involves simultaneous targeting of associated overexpressed proteins and cell signaling pathways, possibly leading to synergistic effects. Herein, we present a systematic study that involves the simultaneous inhibition of human topoisomerases (hTopos) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) by multitargeted quinoline-bridged hydroxamic acid derivatives. These compounds were rationally designed considering pharmacophoric features and catalytic sites of the cross-talk proteins, synthesized, and assessed for their anticancer potential.

Severe Hypertension on the Background of Buspirone Use.

Drug-induced hypertension, though rare, often presents diagnostic challenges, particularly when the causative drug is not typically associated with hypertension. We describe a case involving a 55-year-old woman who presented with anxiety, confusion, and significantly high blood pressure unresponsive to standard treatments. Despite increasing medication doses, her blood pressure remained poorly controlled, leading to an investigation for secondary causes.

Accountable Care Organizations, Child Opportunity Index, and Complicated Appendicitis in Children.

Introduction: Child Opportunity Index (COI) is associated with complicated appendicitis (CA) in children. Value-based care through an accountable care organization (ACO) may modify this association. We aimed to determine if enrollment in our state's ACO, Partners For Kids (PFK), modified the association between COI and CA.

Missed Opportunity for Initial Diagnosis in Children With Complex Appendicitis.

Objectives: Delayed diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children may result in complex appendicitis with appendiceal perforation. Delayed diagnosis can result from missed opportunity for initial diagnosis (MOID) despite medical attention. Studies report MOID of less than 5% in pediatric emergency departments (EDs), but we hypothesized that many MOID occurs outside tertiary care facilities.

Advancing cybersecurity and privacy with artificial intelligence: current trends and future research directions.

Introduction: The rapid escalation of cyber threats necessitates innovative strategies to enhance cybersecurity and privacy measures. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool poised to enhance the effectiveness of cybersecurity strategies by offering advanced capabilities for intrusion detection, malware classification, and privacy preservation. However, this work addresses the significant lack of a comprehensive synthesis of AI's use in cybersecurity and privacy across the vast literature, aiming to identify existing gaps and guide further progress.