Large-Scale Validation of the Feasibility of GPT-4 as a Proofreading Tool for Head CT Reports.

Background The increasing workload of radiologists can lead to burnout and errors in radiology reports. Large language models, such as OpenAI's GPT-4, hold promise as error revision tools for radiology. Purpose To test the feasibility of GPT-4 use by determining its error detection, reasoning, and revision performance on head CT reports with varying error types and to validate its clinical utility by comparison with human readers.

Using magnetic resonance relaxometry to evaluate the safety and quality of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived spinal cord progenitor cells.

Background: The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a promising approach for replacing damaged neurons and glial cells, particularly in spinal cord injuries (SCI). Despite its merits, iPSC differentiation into spinal cord progenitor cells (SCPCs) is variable, necessitating reliable assessment of differentiation and validation of cell quality and safety. Phenotyping is often performed via label-based methods including immunofluorescent staining or flow cytometry analysis.

Synergistic Effect of Dual-Focus Soft Contact Lenses and 0.05% Atropine on Myopia Control in Children With Rapidly Progressing Myopia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of dual-focus soft contact lenses (CLs) and 0.05% atropine in the control of myopia.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 142 myopic children aged 7 to 13 years.

Resorbable Microspheres versus Trisacryl Gelatin Microspheres for Uterine Artery Embolization: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background There are insufficient data comparing resorbable microspheres (RMs) with permanent trisacryl gelatin microspheres (TAGMs) for uterine artery embolization (UAE). Purpose To compare therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcomes in participants with symptomatic fibroids after UAE with RMs or TAGMs. Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial included participants undergoing UAE for symptomatic fibroids at a single institution (from May 2021 to May 2023).

Local Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2024 Expert Consensus-Based Practical Recommendations of the Korean Liver Cancer Association.

Local ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma, a non-surgical option that directly targets and destroys tumor cells, has advanced significantly since the 1990s. Therapies with different energy sources, such as radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and cryoablation, employ different mechanisms to induce tumor necrosis. The precision, safety, and effectiveness of these therapies have increased with advances in guiding technologies and device improvements.

Psoriasis as a Predictor of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship of psoriasis and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in a population with diabetic mellitus (DM).

Design: Nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Records of patients over 40 years of age who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus from January 2009 to December 2012 were analyzed.

Roseburia intestinalis-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate colitis by modulating intestinal barrier, microbiome, and inflammatory responses.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation, lacking a precise aetiology and definitive cure. The gut microbiome is vital in preventing and treating IBD due to its various physiological functions. In the interplay between the gut microbiome and human health, extracellular vesicles secreted by gut bacteria (BEVs) are key mediators.

Lysozyme 1 Inflamed CCR2 Macrophages Promote Obesity-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction.

Background: Macrophages are key players in obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases, which are marked by inflammatory and immune alterations. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying macrophage's role in obesity-induced cardiac inflammation are incompletely understood. Our study aimed to identify the key macrophage population involved in obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction and investigate the molecular mechanism that contributes to the inflammatory response.

Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and the Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: While emerging theories suggest that vascular dysfunction may occur concurrently with the amyloid cascade in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis, the role of vascular components as primary neurodegeneration triggers remains uncertain. The aim of this retrospective, population-based cohort study conducted in Korea was to explore the link between nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and dementia risk.

Methods: In this nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study, we identified newly diagnosed NAION from 2010 to 2017 in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.

A symbiont fungal effector relocalizes a plastidic oxidoreductase to nuclei to induce resistance to pathogens and salt stress.

The root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica establishes beneficial symbioses with a broad spectrum of plants and enhances host resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying S. indica-mediated plant protection.

Ten-year incidence of keratoconus in relation to sex, age, and thyroid gland dysfunction: a nationwide population-based cohort study (2009-2018).

Background: Keratoconus is a corneal ectatic disorder that often leads to visual impairment and may require corneal transplantation. However, its age and gender-based incidence and potential association with thyroid gland dysfunction (TGD) remain poorly understood. This study aims to clarify these aspects and investigate the possible connection between keratoconus and TGD.

Oxytocin Attenuates Sympathetic Innervation with Inhibition of Cardiac Mast Cell Degranulation in Rats after Myocardial Infarction.

Sympathetic hyperinnervation is the leading cause of fatal ventricular arrhythmia (VA) after myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiac mast cells cause arrhythmias directly through degranulation. However, the role and mechanism of mast cell degranulation in sympathetic remodeling remain unknown.

Association of Acute Respiratory Disease Events with Quantitative Interstitial Abnormality Progression at CT in Individuals with a History of Smoking.

Background Acute respiratory disease (ARD) events are often thought to be airway-disease related, but some may be related to quantitative interstitial abnormalities (QIAs), which are subtle parenchymal abnormalities on CT scans associated with morbidity and mortality in individuals with a smoking history. Purpose To determine whether QIA progression at CT is associated with ARD and severe ARD events in individuals with a history of smoking. Materials and Methods This secondary analysis of a prospective study included individuals with a 10 pack-years or greater smoking history recruited from multiple centers between November 2007 and July 2017.

Effect of Corneal and Lens Eccentricity Difference on Rigid Corneal Lens Treatment in Patients With Keratoconus.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of rigid corneal lenses (RCL) in patients with keratoconus, based on eccentricity.

Methods: Eighty-four eyes from 84 patients were included in this retrospective comparative study. Based on the median value of eccentricity difference between the cornea and back surface of the RCL, the patients were divided into groups 1 (<0.

Lowering Barriers to Health Risk Assessments in Promoting Personalized Health Management.

This study investigates the feasibility of accurately predicting adverse health events without relying on costly data acquisition methods, such as laboratory tests, in the era of shifting healthcare paradigms towards community-based health promotion and personalized preventive healthcare through individual health risk assessments (HRAs). We assessed the incremental predictive value of four categories of predictor variables-demographic, lifestyle and family history, personal health device, and laboratory data-organized by data acquisition costs in the prediction of the risks of mortality and five chronic diseases. Machine learning methodologies were employed to develop risk prediction models, assess their predictive performance, and determine feature importance.

Design of hepadnavirus core protein-based chimeric virus-like particles carrying epitopes from respiratory syncytial virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in humans, especially in infants and the elderly. The identification and structural resolution of the potent neutralizing epitopes on RSV fusion (F) protein enable an "epitope-focused" vaccine design. However, the display of RSV F epitope II on the surface of the widely-used human hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) has failed to induce neutralizing antibody response in mice.

Largely Enhanced Thermoelectric Power Factor of Flexible CuS Film by Doping Mn.

Copper-sulfide-based materials have attracted noteworthy attention as thermoelectric materials due to rich elemental reserves, non-toxicity, low thermal conductivity, and adjustable electrical properties. However, research on the flexible thermoelectrics of copper sulfide has not yet been reported. In this work, we developed a facile method to prepare flexible Mn-doped CuS films on nylon membranes.

Autologous non-invasively derived stem cells mitochondria transfer shows therapeutic advantages in human embryo quality rescue.

Background: The decline in the quantity and quality of mitochondria are closely associated with infertility, particularly in advanced maternal age. Transferring autologous mitochondria into the oocytes of infertile females represents an innovative and viable strategy for treating infertility, with no concerns regarding ethical considerations. As the donor cells of mitochondria, stem cells have biological advantages but research and evidence in this area are quite scarce.