Establishment of the benchmarking tool for evaluating the operation of biorepositories for pathogenic resource using a modified Delphi method.

In recent years, as the infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as novel coronavirus and mpox (formerly called monkeypox) spread globally, the significance of identification, preservation, and sharing of pathogenic resources become prominent. Along with the rapid development of biorepositories, it is imperative to evaluate their operation in a scientific manner. By using the literature review and modified Delphi method, this study develops a benchmarking tool for the comprehensive evaluation of the operation of biorepositories for pathogenic resources.

Germline variants and mosaic chromosomal alterations affect COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity.

Vaccine immunogenicity is influenced by the vaccinee's genetic background. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study of vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers and T cell immune responses in 1,559 mRNA-1273 and 537 BNT162b2 vaccinees of Japanese ancestry. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers are associated with the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, and T cell responses are associated with MHC.

Genome-wide association study meta-analysis provides insights into the etiology of heart failure and its subtypes.

Heart failure (HF) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. While distinct clinical subtypes, defined by etiology and left ventricular ejection fraction, are well recognized, their genetic determinants remain inadequately understood. In this study, we report a genome-wide association study of HF and its subtypes in a sample of 1.

GOLM1 Promotes Atherogenesis by Activating Macrophage EGFR-ERK Signaling Cascade.

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. GOLM1 (Golgi membrane protein 1) is an inflammation-responsive protein and a mediator in some inflammation-associated pathological processes. Because we found a positive correlation between GOLM1 expression and atherosclerosis progression by checking the gene expression data set of human atherosclerotic lesions, we explored the potential significance of GOLM1 in atherosclerosis in this study.

A Target Affinity Enrichment Workflow to Characterize Critical Post-Translational Modifications Within Therapeutic Antibodies.

The therapeutic efficacy of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) relies on tight and specific binding to its intended target. This interaction may be abrogated or influenced by antibody fragmentation and/or post-translational modifications (PTMs) on or near the paratope. PTMs with reduced target affinity are considered impactful to drug quality and should be well-characterized during pharmaceutical development.

Single-cell and spatial genomic landscape of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases.

Brain metastases frequently develop in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are a common cause of cancer-related deaths, yet our understanding of the underlying human biology is limited. Here we performed multimodal single-nucleus RNA and T cell receptor, single-cell spatial and whole-genome sequencing of brain metastases and primary tumors of patients with treatment-naive NSCLC. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a distinguishing genomic feature of brain metastases compared with primary tumors, which we validated through integrated analysis of molecular profiling and clinical data in 4,869 independent patients, and a new cohort of 12,275 patients with NSCLC.

Predicting Microvascular Invasion and Early Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using DeepLab V3+ Segmentation of Multiregional MR Habitat Images.

Rationale And Objectives: Accurate identification of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for treatment and prognosis. Single-modality and feature fusion models using manual segmentation fail to provide insights into MVI. This study aims to develop a DeepLab V3+ model for automated segmentation of HCC magnetic resonance (MR) images and a decision fusion model to predict MVI and early recurrence (ER).

Advances in antibody-drug conjugates in the treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more aggressive when compared with other breast cancer subtypes, and advanced TNBC (aTNBC) has always been a challenge for clinical treatment. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), especially targeting trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), as an effective regimen to enhance the potential survival benefit and quality of life of relevant patients. The objective of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive knowledge on latest progress of ADCs in the treatment of aTNBC.

The Association of Malignancy With Stroke and Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: It is undetermined if malignancy independently increases stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF).

Objectives: This study sought to determine the association of malignancy with stroke and bleeding in AF.

Methods: Population-based cohort study using administrative datasets of people aged ≥66 years with newly diagnosed AF.

[Development of an evaluation indicator system for access to cancer screening services: a Delphi study].

To present an evaluation indicator system for access to cancer screening services. The evaluation indicator pool was constructed through a scoping review. The theoretical framework was constructed based on the multi-source indicators, and the qualitative expert consultation method was employed to form the initial version of the three-level evaluation indicator system.

gene expression as a prognostic marker for clinical outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant histological subtype of lung cancer. In the past decade, various targeted drugs have prolonged the survival of LUAD patients. Unfortunately, not all LUAD patients can benefit from the current target agents.

Accelerated Multi-b-Value DWI Using Deep Learning Reconstruction: Image Quality Improvement and Microvascular Invasion Prediction in BCLC Stage A Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the effect of accelerated deep-learning (DL) multi-b-value DWI (Mb-DWI) on acquisition time, image quality, and predictive ability of microvascular invasion (MVI) in BCLC stage A hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared to standard Mb-DWI.

Methods: Patients who underwent liver MRI were prospectively collected. Subjective image quality, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), lesion contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and Mb-DWI-derived parameters from various models (mono-exponential model, intravoxel incoherent motion, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and stretched exponential model) were calculated and compared between the two sequences.

Machine Learning Methods Based on Chest CT for Predicting the Risk of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate a machine learning model based on chest CT and clinical risk factors to predict secondary aspergillus infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 291 COVID-19 patients with complete clinical data between December 2022 and March 2024, and some (n=82) of them developed secondary aspergillus infection after admission. Patients were divided into training (n=162), internal validation (n=69) and external validation (n=60) cohorts.

Genome-wide association study of prostate-specific antigen levels in 392,522 men identifies new loci and improves prediction across ancestry groups.

We conducted a multiancestry genome-wide association study of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in 296,754 men (211,342 European ancestry, 58,236 African ancestry, 23,546 Hispanic/Latino and 3,630 Asian ancestry; 96.5% of participants were from the Million Veteran Program). We identified 318 independent genome-wide significant (P ≤ 5 × 10) variants, 184 of which were novel.

The anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody KN046 plus lenvatinib in advanced unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase II trial.

This open-label phase II trial (NCT04542837) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KN046 combined with lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and explore the potential response biomarkers. Participants received KN046 5 mg/kg every 3 weeks and lenvatinib 12 or 8 mg once daily. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and objective response rate (ORR) according to RECIST v1.

Loss of Endothelial TRPC1 Induces Aortic Hypercontractility and Hypertension.

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases demands a better understanding of the contribution of different cell types to vascular function for developing new treatment strategies. Previous studies have established a fundamental role of TRPC1 (transient receptor potential channel canonical family member 1) in blood vessels. However, little is known about its functional roles within different cell types.

MERS-CoV spike vaccine-induced N-terminal domain-specific antibodies are more protective than receptor binding domain-specific antibodies.

The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need to prepare for future emerging coronavriuses (CoVs) by understanding the principles behind effective CoV vaccine design such as protective immunity and antibody responses. To study which epitopes and subdomains contribute to protection, we utilized the prefusion-stabilized spike protein of MERS-CoV, MERS S-2P, as a vaccine immunogen. Vaccination with MERS S-2P elicited both receptor-binding domain (RBD)- and non-RBD-specific antibodies, including N-terminal domain (NTD)-specific G2-and CDC2-A2-like antibodies.

Construction on training course and training quality evaluation index system of chronic disease medication therapy management service (MTMs) in China: A Delphi study.

Objective: This study aims to construct a training course and quality evaluation index system for chronic disease Medication Therapy Management service (MTMs) that is suitable for China's national conditions. It seeks to provide tools and a scientific foundation for assessing the quality of MTMs training.

Methods: Drawing from domestic and international literature and combining with the practice of chronic disease medication management by Chinese pharmacists, a preliminary framework for the evaluation index system was established.

G3BP1 ribonucleoprotein complexes regulate focal adhesion protein mobility and cell migration.

The subcellular localization of mRNAs plays a pivotal role in biological processes, including cell migration. For instance, β-actin mRNA and its associated RNA-binding protein (RBP), ZBP1/IGF2BP1, are recruited to focal adhesions (FAs) to support localized β-actin synthesis, crucial for cell migration. However, whether other mRNAs and RBPs also localize at FAs remains unclear.

Covert chaotic encryption scheme based on compressive sensing in a W-band RoF system.

This paper proposes a covert chaotic encryption (CCE) scheme based on compressive sensing (CS). The chaotic sequences used are generated by a six-dimensional hyper-chaotic D-system, where the sequence is utilized for a chaotic index sparse block (CISB), the sequence is used for generating the CS measurement matrix effectively, the , , and sequences are employed for variable-parameter iterative Arnold transformations, and the sequence is used for dual-random least significant bit (LSB) scrambling and embedding. The combination of these technologies enabled the scheme to achieve multi-domain, multi-dimensional, ultra-high-security encryption for multimedia image data.

Longitudinal Assessment of Pulmonary Involvement and Prognosis in Different Subtypes of COVID-19 Patients After One Year Using Low-Dose CT: A Prospective Observational Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Severe COVID-19 typically results in pulmonary sequelae. However, current research lacks clarity on the differences in these sequelae among various clinical subtypes. This study aimed to evaluate the changing lung imaging features and predictive factors in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in northern China over a 12-month follow-up period after the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in 2022.

Relative importance of tear homeostatic signs for the diagnosis of dry eye disease.

Aim: Disease misdiagnosis is more likely if standardised diagnostic criteria are not used. This study systematically examined the effect on diagnosing dry eye disease (DED), when tests for evaluating tear film homeostasis were included or excluded from a multi-test protocol.

Method: For 1,427 participants across five sites, data for the full suite of diagnostic tests defined in the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II) Diagnostic Methodology report algorithm were evaluated; diagnostic sensitivity was calculated when individual signs were removed, and when different combinations of signs were required.

ROCK Inhibitor Enhances Resilience Against Metabolic Stress Through Increasing Bioenergetic Capacity in Corneal Endothelial Cells.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 on bioenergetic capacity and resilience of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) under metabolic stress.

Methods: Bovine CECs (BCECs) were treated with Y27632 and subjected to bioenergetic profiling using the Seahorse XFp Analyzer. The effects on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production through oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis were measured.