Comparison of CT findings between basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and non-basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

This study aimed to compare computed tomography (CT) findings between basaloid lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and non-basaloid SCC. From July 2003 to April 2021, 39 patients with surgically proven basaloid SCC were identified. For comparison, 161 patients with surgically proven non-basaloid SCC from June 2018 to January 2019 were selected consecutively.

Therapeutic effect of novel drug candidate, PRG-N-01, on NF2 syndrome-related tumor.

Background: NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN) is associated with multiple benign tumors in the nervous system. NF2-SWN, caused by mutations in the NF2 gene, has developed into intracranial and spinal schwannomas. Because of the high surgical risk and frequent recurrence of multiple tumors, targeted therapy is necessary.

The influence between plaque rupture and non-plaque rupture on clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Coronary atherosclerosis can lead to acute clinical events upon atherosclerotic plaque rupture (PR) or erosion and arterial thrombus formation. Identifying the effect of distinct plaque characteristics on clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is critical for clinical therapy. Our goal was to ascertain the correlation between clinical outcome, long-term prognosis, and morphological plaque characteristics in STEMI.

The Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle Sign: A Novel Imaging Marker for Differentiating Multiple System Atrophy Cerebellar Type from Spinocerebellar Ataxia.

Background And Purpose: The hot cross bun (HCB) sign is a hallmark feature of multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C), typically observed in advanced stages of the disease; however, it can also present in other conditions such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), making the differentiation challenging. The middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) sign may be observed in various medical conditions and in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP), known to be affected in MSA-C, may exhibit hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging, potentially aiding in differentiating MSA-C from SCA.

Comparing Large Language Model and Human Reader Accuracy with Image Challenge Case Image Inputs.

Background Application of multimodal large language models (LLMs) with both textual and visual capabilities has been steadily increasing, but their ability to interpret radiologic images is still doubted. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of LLMs and compare it with that of human readers with varying levels of experience and to assess the factors affecting LLM accuracy in answering Image Challenge cases. Materials and Methods Radiologic images of cases from October 13, 2005, to April 18, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed.

Topical dexamethasone decelerates epithelial migration on the canine tympanic membrane.

Background: Epithelial migration (EM) is integral to normal ear structure and function. Glucocorticoids are considered the first-line therapy for various external ear disorders; however, their effects on EM on the tympanic membrane (TM) and the external auditory canal (EAC) are understudied.

Hypothesis/objectives: To test the hypothesis that topical dexamethasone decelerates EM on the TM, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical dexamethasone on EM on the TMs of dogs.

Small-molecule disruption of androgen receptor-dependent chromatin clusters.

Sustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling during relapse is a central driver of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Current AR antagonists, such as enzalutamide, fail to provide long-term benefit for the mCRPC patients who have dramatic increases in AR expression. Here, we report AR antagonists with efficacy in AR-overexpressing models.

Quantifying the Effect of the Cross-Facial Nerve Graft on the Nonparalyzed Side.

Objective: The cross-facial nerve graft (CFNG) is employed in facial reanimation surgery to restore neural connectivity from the nonparalyzed side of the face to the paralyzed side, facilitating spontaneous smiling. Typically, the sural nerve, due to its length, serves as the donor graft. Implantation involves functional facial branch transection to provide graft input.

Efficacy of continuous preperitoneal ropivacaine infusion in women with cesarean section: A prospective, randomized controlled, single blinded study.

Background: Adequate postoperative pain management after cesarean section is important for the prognosis of both mother and infant. However, excessive prescription of opioid analgesics has become a concern. This study evaluated the efficacy of local continuous subfascial infusion of ropivacaine in relieving postoperative pain and reducing opioid requirements in postpartum women with cesarean section.

Optimizing venous anastomosis for forearm loop arteriovenous grafts: A comparative analysis of elbow veins and upper arm basilic veins in end-stage kidney disease patients.

Introduction: Optimizing vascular access for hemodialysis in end-stage kidney disease is crucial. While arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are preferred for better patency and fewer complications, many patients require alternatives options like arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) due to anatomical constraints. This study compares outcomes between elbow and upper arm (UA) basilic veins for forearm loop AVGs, highlighting the potential benefits of the UA basilic vein to improve patency and feasibility in patients with poor elbow veins through retrospective analysis.

Dietary glycerides of valerate ameliorate diarrhea and impact intestinal physiology and serum biomarkers in weaned piglets infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18.

In the commercial swine farm setting, the postweaning period is a critical window during which piglets are highly susceptible to infection and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)-associated diarrhea. Short-chain fatty acids and their glycerides are compounds that may influence intestinal health; however, valerate is one that has not been well-characterized for its role as a dietary supplement.

Mapping RANKL- and OPG-expressing cells in bone tissue: the bone surface cells as activators of osteoclastogenesis and promoters of the denosumab rebound effect.

Denosumab is a monoclonal anti-RANKL antibody that inhibits bone resorption, increases bone mass, and reduces fracture risk. Denosumab discontinuation causes an extensive wave of rebound resorption, but the cellular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. We utilized in situ hybridization (ISH) as a direct approach to identify the cells that activate osteoclastogenesis through the RANKL/OPG pathway.

Development of eco-friendly pretreatment processes for high-purity silicon recovery from end-of-life photovoltaic modules.

This study examines the efficacy of photovoltaic (PV) recycling processes and technologies for the recovery of high-purity silicon powder from waste solar modules. In order to facilitate the simplification of complex processes, such as the conventional nitric acid dissolution, solvent and ultrasonic irradiation, and solvent dissolution, a variety of mechanical separation processes have been established. These processes are designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the aforementioned processes.

Effect of sintering cycle on the strength and translucency of multilayered zirconia.

Purpose: A newly introduced sintering protocol promises to offer higher translucency while not significantly compromising the flexural strength of the material. However, the effect of the novel sintering protocol has not been thoroughly validated. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the effect of two sintering protocols on the translucency and flexural strength of two multilayered zirconia materials.

Sacubitril/Valsartan in Pediatric Heart Failure (PANORAMA-HF): A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Trial.

Background: Sacubitril/valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), is an established treatment for heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. It has not been rigorously compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in children. PANORAMA-HF (Prospective Trial to Assess the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Neprilysin Inhibitor LCZ696 Versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor for the Medical Treatment of Pediatric HF) is a randomized, double-blind trial that evaluated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), safety, and efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril in children 1 month to <18 years of age with HF attributable to systemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).

Visible and near-infrared modulating tungsten suboxide nanorods electrochromic films in acidic aqueous electrolytes.

Proton-based aqueous electrolytes can be used to achieve high performance electrochromic nanocrystal thin films due to their small ion size. However, acidic aqueous electrolyte systems have not yet been explored in near-infrared (NIR) absorbing plasmonic tungsten oxide nanocrystal films. Here, we demonstrate tungsten suboxide nanorod films with excellent visible and NIR modulation performance in the H-based aqueous electrolytes, thanks to their mesoporous structure, nanosized domains, and open tunnel structure.

Vocal Fold Pseudocysts: Are Unilateral and Bilateral Lesions Distinct Entities?

Background: Unilateral vocal fold pseudocysts have been hypothesized to result from vocal fold paresis, but no explanation has been proposed for bilateral lesions. This study compares patients with unilateral to those with bilateral pseudocysts for insights into pathogenesis.

Methods: Adults with unilateral and bilateral pseudocysts evaluated between 2018 and 2023 were retrospectively studied.

Patient Compliance With Bowel Preparation for Elective Colorectal Surgery.

Introduction: Studies show that mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) plus oral antibiotics (OAs) is associated with decreased rates of postoperative complications after elective colorectal surgery. However, there is a lack of literature regarding patient compliance with bowel preparation (BP).

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgeryfrom April 2020 to March 2022 at a tertiary care academic hospital (TCAH) and safety net hospital (SNH) were administered a BP compliance survey.

An Array of Carbon Nanofiber Bundle_Based 3D In Vitro Intestinal Microvilli for Mimicking Functional and Physical Activities of the Small Intestine.

Researchers have developed in vitro small intestine models of biomimicking microvilli, such as gut-on-a-chip devices. However, fabrication methods developed to date for 2D and 3D in vitro gut still have unsolved limitations. In this study, an innovative fabrication method of a 3D in vitro gut model is introduced for effective drug screening.