Recycling of Post-Consumer Waste Polystyrene Using Commercial Plastic Additives.

Photothermal conversion can promote plastic depolymerization (chemical recycling to a monomer) through light-to-heat conversion. The highly localized temperature gradient near the photothermal agent surface allows selective heating with spatial control not observed with bulk pyrolysis. However, identifying and incorporating practical photothermal agents into plastics for end-of-life depolymerization have not been realized.

Unilateral and Bilateral Disulfurating Reagents for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Polysulfides.

Polysulfides play an essential role across various fields, including life sciences, pharmaceuticals, food science, and materials science. However, the controlled sequential installation of groups at both ends of an S-S motif poses enormous challenges due to the reversible nature of the covalent S-S bond. Utilizing unique disulfide reagents presents one of the most straightforward approaches for constructing diverse polysulfides.

Research on Structural Optimization and Excitation Control Method Using a Two-Dimensional OWPT System for Capsule Robots Based on Non-Equivalent Coils.

The rapid development of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has provided new avenues for supplying continuous and stable power to capsule robots. In this article, we propose a two-dimensional omnidirectional wireless power transfer (OWPT) system, which enables power to be transmitted effectively in multiple spatial directions. This system features a three-dimensional transmitting structure with a Helmholtz coil and saddle coil pairs, combined with a one-dimensional receiving structure.

Water Microdroplets Promote Spontaneous Oxidation of Amino Acid- and Peptide-related Thiols to Disulfide Bonds.

Disulfide bonds (S-S) play a critical role in modern biochemistry, organic synthesis and prebiotic chemistry. Traditional methods for synthesizing disulfide bonds often rely on oxygen, alkali, and metal catalysts. Herein, thiol groups involved in amino acids and peptides were spontaneously converted into symmetrical and unsymmetrical disulfide bonds within water microdroplets, without the need for catalysts or oxygen, and under room temperature.

Health care concerns in women at midlife: differences by race, ethnicity, and neighborhood socioeconomic status.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to identify conditions diagnosed in at least 10% of midlife women living in the US upper midwest and to assess prevalence by age, race, ethnicity, and sociodemographic status.

Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to conduct a cross-sectional prevalence study of 86,946 women between 40 and 59 years residing in a 27-county region of the United States on January 1, 2020. Diagnostic billing codes were extracted and grouped into broader condition categories using the Clinical Classification System Refined.

Sex-Specific Association Between Genetic Risk of Psychiatric Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases.

Background: Though epidemiological studies show increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks among individuals with psychiatric disorders, findings on sex differences in comorbidity have been inconsistent.

Methods: This genetic epidemiology study examined the sex-specific association between the genetic risk of 3 psychiatric disorders (major depression [MD], schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder), estimated using polygenic scores (PGSs), and risks of 3 CVDs (atrial fibrillation [AF], coronary artery disease [CAD], and heart failure [HF]) in 345 169 European-ancestry individuals (UK Biobank), with analyses replicated in an independent BioVU cohort (n=49 057). Mediation analysis was conducted to determine whether traditional CVD risk factors could explain any observed sex difference.

Relationship Between Physical Literacy and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Physical literacy (PL) can positively affect the health of children, adolescents, and adults, and is closely related to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between overall physical literacy (PL) and CRF in children and adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional, cohort and experimental studies on the relationship between PL and CRF in children and adolescents were collected by searching the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases.

High Spin-State Modulation of Catalytic Centers by Weak Ligand Field for Promoting Sulfur Redox Reaction in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The spin state of transition-metal compounds in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) significantly impacts the electronic properties and the kinetics of sulfur redox reactions (SRR). However, accurately designing the spin state remains challenging, which is crucial for understanding the structure-performance relationship and developing high-performance electrocatalysts. Herein, the CoF, specifically the Co with 3d electrons in a high-spin state distribution (t e ), were tailored predictably for the first time through the weak coordination field effect of the F element.

Roles of oral and gut microbiota in acute myocardial infarction.

Introduction: The significance of oral/gut microbiota in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been increasingly appreciated. However, correlations between oral/gut microbiota and AMI parameter, as well as the key microbiota that may have a crucial function in this process, remain unclear.

Objectives: To investigate the composition and structure of oral and gut microbiota associated with AMI and explore the roles of specific bacterial species in the progression of AMI.

Risk Stratification for Chronic Kidney Disease After Liver Transplant for Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) Cirrhosis: Results From the NailMASH Consortium.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a well-recognized complication in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT), particularly those with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a leading cause of cirrhosis in the modern era. This study sought to refine risk stratification for CKD events post-LT in cirrhosis patients with MASH by leveraging baseline renal function at transplant.

Methods: A total of 717 MASH cirrhosis patients who had LT (1997-2017) at 7 US centers (NailMASH Consortium) were analyzed.

ASGR1 Deficiency Inhibits Atherosclerosis in Western Diet-Fed Mice by Regulating Lipoprotein Metabolism and Promoting Cholesterol Efflux.

Background: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical studies indicate that loss-of-function ASGR1 (asialoglycoprotein receptor 1) is significantly associated with lower plasma cholesterol levels and reduces cardiovascular disease risk. However, the effect of ASGR1 on atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood; whether inhibition of ASGR1 causes liver injury remains controversial.

A Closed-Loop Nanosystem Based on Piezoelectric Sensor and Pd-Nanoshell Photothermal Ablation for Renal Denervation to Treat Hypertension.

Renal sympathetic nerves play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and renal denervation (RDN) is a new solution for patients with refractory hypertension. However, current RDN techniques show inconsistent results in clinical application probably owing to incomplete endovascular ablation of the sympathetic nerves and a lack of measures to localize and assess efficacy. In this study, a closed-loop RDN system consisting of a sensing unit with a piezoelectric thin-film sensor (PTFS) and a treatment unit with a hollow Pd nanoparticle shell (PdNPS) with a diameter of 202.

Deciphering the evolution and biogeography of ant-ferns Lecanopteris s.s.

Southeast Asia is a biodiversity hotspot characterized by a complex paleogeography, and its Polypodiopsida flora is particularly diverse. While hybridization is recognized as common in ferns, further research is needed to investigate the relationship between hybridization events and fern diversity. Lecanopteris s.

Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Adjuvant therapy with durvalumab, with or without tremelimumab, may have efficacy in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer who do not have disease progression after standard concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: In a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned patients to receive durvalumab at a dose of 1500 mg, durvalumab (1500 mg) plus tremelimumab at a dose of 75 mg (four doses only), or placebo every 4 weeks for up to 24 months. Randomization was stratified according to disease stage (I or II vs.

Pyrolysis kinetics of waste ryegrass under nitrogen and air atmosphere.

To investigate the pyrolysis reaction of ryegrass, we conducted a simultaneous thermal analysis using thermogravimetric(TG) analyzers. This involved obtaining data through Thermogravimetry (TG), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG), and Differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. The experiments were conducted under dynamic nitrogen and air atmospheres at different heating rates.

Vision Improvement in Keratoconus Patients Trained With Perceptual Learning: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness and maintenance of perceptional learning (PL) on vision improvement in keratoconus (KC) patients corrected with spectacles.

Design: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Methods: Non-progressive KC patients 9 years of age or older who had best spectacle-corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 0 to 1.

Cytotoxic effects of NIR responsive chitosan-polymersome layer coated melatonin-upconversion nanoparticles on HGC27 and AGS gastric cancer cells: Role of the ROS/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

In this study, a formulation of NaGdF:Tm/Er@NaGdF (core@shell) UCNPs loaded with melatonin drug was synthesized. The novel melatonin-loaded UCNPs were then encapsulated within NIR-responsive biopolymeric chitosan (CS) based polymersome and investigated against gastric cancer (HGC27 & AGS) cells. The photolysis of the ONB moiety and disruption of the disulfide linkage in the polymersome induced by NIR light facilitated by the NaGdF:Tm/Er@NaGdF UCNPs and GSH results in an increased release of melatonin drug.

Venetoclax-obinutuzumab for previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 6-year results of the randomized phase 3 CLL14 study.

In the CLL14 study, patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and coexisting conditions were randomized to 12 cycles of venetoclax-obinutuzumab (Ven-Obi, n = 216) or chlorambucil-obinutuzumab (Clb-Obi, n = 216). Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary end point. Key secondary end points included time-to-next-treatment (TTNT), rates of undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD), overall survival (OS), and rates of adverse events.