Sequencing in over 50,000 cases identifies coding and structural variation underlying atrial fibrillation risk.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent and morbid abnormality of the heart rhythm with a strong genetic component. Here, we meta-analyzed genome and exome sequencing data from 36 studies that included 52,416 AF cases and 277,762 controls. In burden tests of rare coding variation, we identified novel associations between AF and the genes MYBPC3, LMNA, PKP2, FAM189A2 and KDM5B.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide associations and polygenic risk prediction for atrial fibrillation in more than 180,000 cases.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm abnormality and is a leading cause of heart failure and stroke. This large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies increased the power to detect single-nucleotide variant associations and found more than 350 AF-associated genetic loci. We identified candidate genes related to muscle contractility, cardiac muscle development and cell-cell communication at 139 loci.

Enhanced biocidal efficacy of alcohol based disinfectants with salt additives.

Surfaces contaminated with pathogens pose a significant risk of disease transmission and infection. Alcohol-based disinfectants are widely utilized to decontaminate high-touch areas across various settings. However, their limited antimicrobial activity and the emergence of alcohol-tolerant strains necessitate the development of highly efficient disinfectant formulations.

A Low-Cost, Open-Source 3D Printer for Multimaterial and High-Throughput Direct Ink Writing of Soft and Living Materials.

Direct ink writing is a 3D printing method that is compatible with a wide range of structural, elastomeric, electronic, and living materials, and it continues to expand its uses into physics, engineering, and biology laboratories. However, the large footprint, closed hardware and software ecosystems, and expense of commercial systems often hamper widespread adoption. This work introduces a compact, low-cost, multimaterial, and high-throughput direct ink writing 3D printer platform with detailed assembly files and instructions provided freely online.

Clinical Potential of Novel Microbial Therapeutic LP51 Based on Xerosis-Microbiome Index.

Xerosis, characterized by dry, rough skin, causes discomfort and aesthetic concerns, necessitating effective treatment. Traditional treatments often show limited efficacy, prompting the need for innovative therapies. This study highlights the efficacy of microbiome therapeutic LP51, derived from a healthy vaginal microbiome, in improving xerosis.

Comparing Large Language Model and Human Reader Accuracy with Image Challenge Case Image Inputs.

Background Application of multimodal large language models (LLMs) with both textual and visual capabilities has been steadily increasing, but their ability to interpret radiologic images is still doubted. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of LLMs and compare it with that of human readers with varying levels of experience and to assess the factors affecting LLM accuracy in answering Image Challenge cases. Materials and Methods Radiologic images of cases from October 13, 2005, to April 18, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed.

A universal immunohistochemistry analyzer for generalizing AI-driven assessment of immunohistochemistry across immunostains and cancer types.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the common companion diagnostics in targeted therapies. However, quantifying protein expressions in IHC images present a significant challenge, due to variability in manual scoring and inherent subjective interpretation. Deep learning (DL) offers a promising approach to address these issues, though current models require extensive training for each cancer and IHC type, limiting the practical application.

Risk of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Computed Tomography: A 16 Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Concern about contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) may delay the timely administration of contrast media for computed tomography (CT). The precise causative effect of iodinated contrast media on CI-AKI and its relevant risk factors remains an area of ongoing investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the risk of CI-AKI following contrast-enhanced CT and its predisposing risk factors.

Desmoplakin Cardiomyopathy in Pediatric Patients: A Distinct, Underrecognized Cohort of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: cardiomyopathy is a distinct subset of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, reported primarily in adults, that has predominantly left ventricular involvement and features of myocarditis. Clinical characteristics, risk stratification, and management of pediatric patients with variants are not well known. We sought to identify phenotypic features and prognosis of pediatric patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants.

Development and optimization of metal silicide EUV pellicle for 400W EUV lithography.

In the extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) process, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pellicles serve as thin, transparent membranes that shield the photomask (reticle) from particle contamination, thereby preserving photomask pattern integrity, reducing chip failure risks, and enhancing production yields. The production of EUV pellicles is highly challenging due to their mechanical fragility at nanometer-scale thicknesses and the need to endure the rigorous conditions of the EUVL environment, which include high temperatures and hydrogen radicals. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted on a variety of materials, such as carbon-based and silicon-based substances, for the development of EUV pellicles.

Co(II)-Cu(II) mixed-oxide catalysts for single-step synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1-imidazole derivatives under microwave irradiation.

In this study, a catalyst composite of Co-Cu was prepared from chloride-containing precursor of Co(II) and Cu(II) metals using the milky latex of the plant following green principles of synthesis. The catalyst composite was characterized using XRD, EDAX, SEM, HR-TEM, FTIR, XPS and TOF-MS. The crystallinity of the mixed-oxide composite with a distorted octahedral nature was confirmed from analysis.

Deep Learning-based Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via a Unified Model for Prostate Lesion Detection Using Multisite Biparametric MRI Datasets.

Purpose To determine whether the unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) method with generated images improves the performance of a supervised learning (SL) model for prostate cancer (PCa) detection using multisite biparametric (bp) MRI datasets. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included data from 5150 patients (14 191 samples) collected across nine different imaging centers. A novel UDA method using a unified generative model was developed for PCa detection using multisite bpMRI datasets.

The symptoms evolution of long COVID‑19 (SE-LC19): a new patient-reported content valid instrument.

Background: The field of long COVID research is rapidly evolving, however, tools to assess and monitor symptoms and recovery of the disease are limited. The objective of the present study was to develop a new patient-reported outcomes instrument, the Symptoms Evolution of Long COVID‑19 (SE-LC19), and establish its content validity.

Methods: The 40-item SE-LC19 instrument was developed based on patient-relevant empirical evidence from scientific literature and clinical guidelines that reported symptoms specific to long COVID.

Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiologists versus GPT-4V and Gemini Pro Vision Using Image Inputs from Diagnosis Please Cases.

Background The diagnostic abilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) using direct image inputs and the impact of the temperature parameter of LLMs remain unexplored. Purpose To investigate the ability of GPT-4V and Gemini Pro Vision in generating differential diagnoses at different temperatures compared with radiologists using Diagnosis Please cases. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included Diagnosis Please cases published from January 2008 to October 2023.

In Vitro Metabolism and Transport Characteristics of Zastaprazan.

Zastaprazan (JP-1366), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, is a new drug for the treatment of erosive esophagitis. JP-1366 is highly metabolized in human, mouse, and dog hepatocytes but moderately metabolized in rat and monkey hepatocytes when estimated from the metabolic stability of this compound in hepatocyte suspension and when 18 phase I metabolites and 5 phase II metabolites [i.e.

Free essential amino acid feeding improves endurance during resistance training via DRP1-dependent mitochondrial remodelling.

Background: Loss of muscle strength and endurance with aging or in various conditions negatively affects quality of life. Resistance exercise training (RET) is the most powerful means to improve muscle mass and strength, but it does not generally lead to improvements in endurance capacity. Free essential amino acids (EAAs) act as precursors and stimuli for synthesis of both mitochondrial and myofibrillar proteins that could potentially confer endurance and strength gains.

Proteomics, Human Environmental Exposure, and Cardiometabolic Risk.

Background: The biological mechanisms linking environmental exposures with cardiovascular disease pathobiology are incompletely understood. We sought to identify circulating proteomic signatures of environmental exposures and examine their associations with cardiometabolic and respiratory disease in observational cohort studies.

Methods: We tested the relations of >6500 circulating proteins with 29 environmental exposures across the built environment, green space, air pollution, temperature, and social vulnerability indicators in ≈3000 participants of the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) across 4 centers using penalized and ordinary linear regression.