Covered Stent Correction for Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects, an Emerging Alternative to Surgical Repair: Results of an International Registry.

Background: Covered stent correction for a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) was first performed in 2009. This innovative approach was initially viewed as experimental and was reserved for highly selected patients with unusual anatomic variants. In 2016, increasing numbers of procedures began to be performed, and in several centers, it is now offered as a standard of care option alongside surgical repair.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of AI-based image quality control for perinatal ultrasound screening.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of AI-based approaches with manual approaches in ultrasound image quality control (QC).

Methods: Eligible ultrasonographers and pregnant volunteers were prospectively recruited from the Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in May 2023. The ultrasonographers were randomly and evenly assigned to either the AI or Manual QC groups with baseline scores determined in June-July.

Differential Infiltration of Key Immune T-Cell Populations Across Malignancies Varying by Immunogenic Potential and the Likelihood of Response to Immunotherapy.

Solid tumors vary by the immunogenic potential of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the likelihood of response to immunotherapy. The emerging literature has identified key immune cell populations that significantly impact immune activation or suppression within the TME. This study investigated candidate T-cell populations and their differential infiltration within different tumor types as estimated from mRNA co-expression levels of the corresponding cellular markers.

Distortion-Corrected Posterior Ocular Shape in Myopic Eyes Assessed by Ultrawide OCT Detects Deformations Associated With Vision-Threatening Changes.

Purpose: To develop a quantitative tool for assessing the posterior ocular shape using widefield, volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with myopia.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included 178 eyes from 113 participants. Participants underwent a standardized eye examination, including ocular biometry and a custom ultrawide OCT.

The Electroretinogram I-Wave, a Component Originating in the Retinal OFF-Pathway, Associates With a Myopia Genetic Risk Polymorphism.

Purpose: One of the strongest genetic associations with myopia is near the GJD2 gene. Recently, this locus was associated with cone-driven electroretinograms (ERGs), with findings highlighting OFF pathway signals specifically. The ERG i-wave is thought to originate in retinal OFF pathways.

Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Disparities in Clinical Trial Participation for Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study in London.

Background: Ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in cancer outcomes are exacerbated by clinical trial underrepresentation. This study aims to identify inequalities in ethnicity and socioeconomic features among ovarian cancer clinical trial participants in two London cancer centres.

Methods: All ovarian cancer patients treated between 2017 and 2022 were included.

Supercritical mechano-exfoliation process.

The intricate balance among cost, output, and quality has substantially hindered the practical application of graphene within the downstream industry chain. Here we present a scalable and green supercritical CO-assisted mechano-exfoliation (SCME) process that omits the use of organic solvents and oxidants throughout the production lifecycle, including exfoliation, separation, and purification. The SCME process achieves graphene powder space-time yields exceeding 40 kg/(m³·day) at laboratory (0.

A Metalgel with Liquid Metal Continuum Immobilized in Polymer Network.

Gels are formed by fluids that expand throughout the whole volume of 3D polymer networks. To unlock unprecedented properties, exploring new fluids immobilized in polymer networks is crucial. Here, a new liquid metal-polymer gel material termed "metalgel" is introduced via fluid replacement strategy, featuring 92.

Pathogenic Variants Resulting in Dural Based Fibroinflammatory Mass Lesions and H Syndrome Treated With Cobimetinib: A Case Report.

Objectives: Pathogenic variants are known to cause autosomal recessive disease with a spectrum of systemic involvement. We sought to expand on the spectrum of variants and describe potential treatment.

Methods: We describe a case of newly diagnosed -related disorder, also known as H syndrome or familial histiocytosis, associated with CNS inflammatory pseudotumor and spinal cord compression.

Patient characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with locally advanced or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer, a single site descriptive study.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of different HER2 categories among patients with advanced breast cancer (aBC) and describe treatment patterns and outcomes of those with HER2-low disease.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted via chart review at the Huntsman Cancer Institute, including patients diagnosed with aBC (stages IIIB, IIIC and IV) between 2010 and 2019. All patients with IHC1+ were considered HER2-low unless FISH was positive.

Reevaluating the role of platinum-based chemotherapy in the evolving treatment landscape for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.

Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the standard first-line (1L) treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) for decades, based on the proven efficacy and established safety profiles of cisplatin- and carboplatin-based regimens. With the emergence of novel regimens, it is important to reevaluate and contextualize the role of 1L platinum-based chemotherapy. Platinum-based chemotherapy followed by avelumab 1L maintenance in patients without disease progression following platinum-based chemotherapy was established as a standard 1L regimen based on the JAVELIN Bladder 100 phase III trial.

Horizontal Transport in TiCT MXene for Highly Efficient Osmotic Energy Conversion from Saline-Alkali Environments.

Osmotic energy from the ocean has been thoroughly studied, but that from saline-alkali lakes is constrained by the ion-exchange membranes due to the trade-off between permeability and selectivity, stemming from the unfavorable structure of nanoconfined channels, pH tolerance, and chemical stability of the membranes. Inspired by the rapid water transport in xylem conduit structures, we propose a horizontal transport MXene (H-MXene) with ionic sequential transport nanochannels, designed to endure extreme saline-alkali conditions while enhancing ion selectivity and permeability. The H-MXene demonstrates superior ion conductivity of 20.

Semi-liquid metal-based highly permeable and adhesive electronic skin inspired by spider web.

Soft and stretchable electronics have garnered significant attention in various fields, such as wearable electronics, electronic skins, and soft robotics. However, current wearable electronics made from materials like conductive elastomers, hydrogels, and liquid metals face limitations, including low permeability, poor adhesion, inadequate conductivity, and limited stretchability. These issues hinder their effectiveness in long-term healthcare monitoring and exercise monitoring.

Tough, self-healing, adhesive double network conductive hydrogel based on gelatin-polyacrylamide covalently bridged by oxidized sodium alginate for durable wearable sensors.

Pursuing high-performance conductive hydrogels is still hot topic in development of advanced flexible wearable devices. Herein, a tough, self-healing, adhesive double network (DN) conductive hydrogel (named as OSA-(Gelatin/PAM)-Ca, O-(G/P)-Ca) was prepared by bridging gelatin and polyacrylamide network with functionalized polysaccharide (oxidized sodium alginate, OSA) through Schiff base reaction. Thanks to the presence of multiple interactions (Schiff base bond, hydrogen bond, and metal coordination) within the network, the prepared hydrogel showed outstanding mechanical properties (tensile strain of 2800 % and stress of 630 kPa), high conductivity (0.

Developmental and stem cell biology's bright future.

The next 50 years of developmental biology will illuminate exciting new discoveries but are also poised to provide solutions to important problems society faces. Ten scientists whose work intersects with developmental biology in various capacities tell us about their vision for the future.

US of the Penis: Beyond Erectile Dysfunction.

High-frequency US, with a linear transducer and gray-scale, color, and spectral Doppler US techniques, is the primary imaging modality for evaluation of the penis. It can allow delineation of anatomy and assessment of dynamic blood flow; it is easily available and noninvasive or minimally invasive; it is cost effective; and it is well tolerated by patients. US assessment after pharmacologic induction of erection is an additional tool in assessing patients with suspected vasculogenic impotence, and also in selected patients with penile trauma and suspected Peyronie disease.

Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of mpox virus and orthopoxvirus infections.

Since May 2022, the multi-country outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) has raised a great concern worldwide. Early detection of mpox virus infection is recognized as an efficient way to prevent mpox transmission. Mpox specific detection methods reported up to now are based on the SNPs among mpox virus and other orthopoxviruses.

Antigen escape as a shared mechanism of resistance to BCMA-directed therapies in multiple myeloma.

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeting therapeutics have dramatically improved outcomes in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, whether the mechanisms of resistance between these therapies are shared and how the identification of such mechanisms before therapy initiation could refine clinical decision-making remains undefined. We analyzed outcomes for 72 RRMM patients treated with teclistamab, a CD3 × BCMA bispecific antibody, 42% (30/72) of whom had prior BCMA-directed therapy exposure.

Pathogenesis of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and the Link Between Choroidal Hyperpermeability and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Pump Reversal.

Purpose: To describe 6 cases of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and the response to laser treatment, focusing on the underlying pathogenic mechanism.

Methods: Multimodal imaging from 6 eyes of 6 patients with acute and recurrent CSCR were reviewed, including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and after laser therapy.

Results: In 3 of the 6 cases with acute CSCR, the hyporeflective lucency sign was identified with cross-sectional and en face OCT and co-localized with an intense active inkblot retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leak on FA.