Distortion-Corrected Posterior Ocular Shape in Myopic Eyes Assessed by Ultrawide OCT Detects Deformations Associated With Vision-Threatening Changes.

Purpose: To develop a quantitative tool for assessing the posterior ocular shape using widefield, volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with myopia.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included 178 eyes from 113 participants. Participants underwent a standardized eye examination, including ocular biometry and a custom ultrawide OCT.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Protective Factor for Myopia.

Purpose: Animal models suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against myopia by modulating choroidal blood perfusion, but clinical evidence is scarce and mixed. We aimed to determine the causality between omega-3 PUFAs and myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Design: Two-sample MR analysis.

Light Therapy for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review on Effectiveness, Safety, and Implementation.

Purpose: This systematic review focuses on the effectiveness, safety, and implementation outcomes of light therapy as an intervention to prevent or control myopia in children.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science up to January 27, 2024. Effectiveness outcomes included myopia incidence, and changes in axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and choroidal thickness (CT).

Bruch's Membrane Opening Changes in Eyes With Myopic Macular Degeneration: AIER-SERI Adult High Myopia Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the choroidal thickness and the Bruch's membrane opening size and their relationship to visual acuity in eyes with myopic macular degeneration (MMD).

Methods: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study. Patients over the age of 30 years with high myopia (spherical equivalent ≤-5 diopters [D]) were recruited.

Identifying Content for an Item Bank to Measure the Quality-of-Life Impact of Myopia Refractive Interventions.

Purpose: To report on the content generation and item refinement phases for a myopia refractive intervention-specific quality-of-life (QoL) item bank that will be operationalized using computerized adaptive testing.

Methods: Myopia refractive intervention-specific QoL domains and items were generated from (1) a literature search of existing refractive-intervention QoL questionnaires; (2) semistructured interviews with myopic patients corrected using spectacles, contact lenses and/or refractive surgery (n = 32); (3) and myopia experts (n = 9) recruited from the Singapore National Eye Centre. After a thematic analysis, items were systematically refined and tested using cognitive interviews with 24 additional patients with corrected myopia.

Recovery From Form-Deprivation Myopia in Chicks Is Dependent Upon the Fullness and Correlated Color Temperature of the Light Spectrum.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of full-spectrum light-emitting diodes mimicking sunlight (Sunlike LEDs) on ocular growth and refractive error development in a chicken model of myopia.

Methods: One-day old chicks (n = 39) were distributed into 3 groups and raised for 28 days in isoluminant (approximately 285 lux) fluorescent (n = 18, [FL-4000], correlated color temperature [CCT] = 4000 K) or Sunlike LED (n = 12, [SL-4000], CCT = 4000 K; n = 9, [SL-6500], CCT = 6500 K) white lighting environments. Form-deprivation myopia was induced monocularly from day 1 post-hatching (D1) until D14.

New Polygenic Risk Score to Predict High Myopia in Singapore Chinese Children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an Asian polygenic risk score (PRS) to predict high myopia (HM) in Chinese children in the Singapore Cohort of Risk factors for Myopia (SCORM) cohort.

Methods: We included children followed from 6 to 11 years old until teenage years (12-18 years old). Cycloplegic autorefraction, ultrasound biometry, Illumina HumanHap 550, or 550 Duo Beadarrays, demographics, and environmental factors data were obtained.

IMI Prevention of Myopia and Its Progression.

The prevalence of myopia has markedly increased in East and Southeast Asia, and pathologic consequences of myopia, including myopic maculopathy and high myopia-associated optic neuropathy, are now some of the most common causes of irreversible blindness. Hence, strategies are warranted to reduce the prevalence of myopia and the progression to high myopia because this is the main modifiable risk factor for pathologic myopia. On the basis of published population-based and interventional studies, an important strategy to reduce the development of myopia is encouraging schoolchildren to spend more time outdoors.

Rapid Myopic Progression in Childhood Is Associated With Teenage High Myopia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of childhood progression of spherical equivalent (SE) with high myopia (HM) in teenagers in the Singapore Cohort of Risk factors for Myopia (SCORM).

Methods: We included 928 SCORM children followed over a mean follow-up of 6.9 ± 1.

Annual Myopia Progression and Subsequent 2-Year Myopia Progression in Singaporean Children.

Purpose: To investigate the association between 1-year myopia progression and subsequent 2-year myopia progression among myopic children in the Singapore Cohort Study of the Risk Factors for Myopia.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included 618 myopic children (329 male), 7 to 9 years of age (mean age, 8.0 ± 0.

Coronary Optical Coherence Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Determine Underlying Causes of Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries in Women.

Background: Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) occurs in 6% to 15% of myocardial infarctions (MIs) and disproportionately affects women. Scientific statements recommend multimodality imaging in MINOCA to define the underlying cause. We performed coronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to assess mechanisms of MINOCA.

Assessing an intervention to improve the safety of automatic stop orders for inpatient antimicrobials.

Background: Automatic stop orders (ASOs) for antimicrobials have been recommended as a component of antimicrobial stewardship programs, but may result in unintentional treatment interruption due to failure of providers to re-order an antimicrobial medication. We examined the impact of a multifaceted intervention designed to reduce the potential harms of interrupting antimicrobial treatment due to ASOs.

Methods: An intervention was implemented that included pharmacist review of expiring antimicrobials as well as provider education to encourage use of a long-term antimicrobial order set for commonly used prophylactic antimicrobials.

Six-Year Changes in Myopic Macular Degeneration in Adults of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.

Purpose: To examine the 6-year incidence, progression, associated risk factors, and impact of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in a myopic population in Singapore.

Methods: We examined myopic (spherical equivalent ≤-0.5 diopters) adults (N = 2157 persons and 3661 eyes) who were phakic at baseline and participated in both baseline and 6-year follow-up visits of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study.

An Update of Eye Shape and Myopia.

Myopia is one of the most prevalent eye diseases, and its advanced form, high myopia, is a leading cause of subsequent pathologic myopia, which in turn results in an increased risk of retinal diseases. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia is 28.3% and 4.

Infant dietary patterns and early childhood caries in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.

Dental caries, although preventable, remains one of the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. Most studies focused on the relationship between sugar intake and caries. However, examining multidimensional dietary patterns is becoming increasingly important.

Longitudinal Changes in Disc and Retinal Lesions Among Highly Myopic Adolescents in Singapore Over a 10-Year Period.

Objectives: To examine the progression pattern of disc and retinal lesions in highly myopic Chinese adolescents over a 10-year period in Singapore.

Methods: This longitudinal study included Chinese participants who showed high myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] worse than or equal to -5 diopters [D]), no history of refractive surgery, and available fundus photographs at both 2006 (baseline) and 2016 (10-year follow-up) visits. Forty-four adolescents (aged 12-16 years at baseline) who were re-examined later at follow-up were included.

Effect of maternal glycemia on neonatal adiposity in a multiethnic Asian birth cohort.

Context: Gestational hyperglycemia increases the risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring later in life.

Objective: We examined the relationship between gestational glycemia and neonatal adiposity in a multiethnic cohort of Singaporean neonates.

Design: A prospective mother-offspring cohort study recruited 1247 pregnant mothers (57.

Coordinated genetic scaling of the human eye: shared determination of axial eye length and corneal curvature.

Purpose: To examine the extent to which the two major determinants of refractive error, corneal curvature and axial length, are scaled relative to one another by shared genetic variants, along with their relationship to the genetic scaling of height.

Methods: Corneal curvature, axial length, and height were measured in unrelated 14- to 17-year-old white European participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; n = 1915) and in unrelated 40- to 80-year-old participants of the Singapore Chinese Eye Study (SCES; n = 1642). Univariate and bivariate heritability analyses were performed with methods that avoid confounding by common family environment, using information solely from genome-wide high-density genotypes.