Comparing Low- or Standard-Dose Alteplase in Endovascular Thrombectomy: Insights From a Nationwide Registry.

Background: Timely intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the standard reperfusion treatments for large vessel occlusion stroke. Currently, it is unknown whether a low-dose thrombolytic agent (0.6 mg/kg alteplase) can offer similar efficacy to the standard dose (0.

Investigating the origin of the C lactate signal in the anesthetized healthy rat brain in vivo after hyperpolarized [1- C]pyruvate injection.

The goal of this study was to investigate the origin of brain lactate (Lac) signal in the healthy anesthetized rat after injection of hyperpolarized (HP) [1- C]pyruvate (Pyr). Dynamic two-dimensional spiral chemical shift imaging with flow-sensitizing gradients revealed reduction in both vascular and brain Pyr, while no significant dependence on the level of flow suppression was detected for Lac. These results support the hypothesis that the HP metabolites predominantly reside in different compartments in the brain (i.

Cerebral Venous Reflux and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: An Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Positron Emission Tomography Study.

Background: Cerebral venous outflow alterations contribute to central nervous system pathology in aging and neurodegenerative disorders and are potentially linked to underlying cerebral microangiopathy. We investigated whether cerebral venous reflux (CVR) is more closely associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) than hypertensive microangiopathy in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) survivors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 122 patients of spontaneous ICH with magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography imaging studies (2014-2022) in Taiwan.

Mass spectrometry captures biased signalling and allosteric modulation of a G-protein-coupled receptor.

G-protein-coupled receptors signal through cognate G proteins. Despite the widespread importance of these receptors, their regulatory mechanisms for G-protein selectivity are not fully understood. Here we present a native mass spectrometry-based approach to interrogate both biased signalling and allosteric modulation of the β-adrenergic receptor in response to various ligands.

Reader Perceptions and Impact of AI on CT Assessment of Air Trapping.

Quantitative imaging measurements can be facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, but how they might impact decision-making and be perceived by radiologists remains uncertain. After creation of a dedicated inspiratory-expiratory CT examination and concurrent deployment of a quantitative AI algorithm for assessing air trapping, five cardiothoracic radiologists retrospectively evaluated severity of air trapping on 17 examination studies. Air trapping severity of each lobe was evaluated in three stages: qualitatively (visually); semiquantitatively, allowing manual region-of-interest measurements; and quantitatively, using results from an AI algorithm.

Small Airway Disease and Emphysema Are Associated with Future Exacerbations in Smokers with CT-derived Bronchiectasis and COPD: Results from the COPDGene Cohort.

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis can overlap and share pathologic features, such as small airway disease (SAD). Whether the presence of SAD and emphysema in smokers with CT-derived bronchiectasis is associated with exacerbations is unknown. Purpose To assess whether SAD and emphysema in smokers with CT-derived bronchiectasis are associated with future exacerbations.

Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Bronchiectasis at CT: A Long-term Population-based Study of Healthy Young Adults Aged 18-30 Years in the CARDIA Study.

Background Protective factors against the risk of bronchiectasis are unknown. A high level of cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a lower risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. But whether fitness relates to bronchiectasis remains, to the knowledge of the authors, unknown.

Centrum Semiovale Perivascular Space and Amyloid Deposition in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: We explored whether high-degree magnetic resonance imaging–visible perivascular spaces in centrum semiovale (CSO) are more prevalent in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) than hypertensive small vessel disease and their relationship to brain amyloid retention in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: One hundred and eight spontaneous ICH patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and Pittsburgh compound B were enrolled. Topography and severity of enlarged perivascular spaces were compared between CAA-related ICH (CAA-ICH) and hypertensive small vessel disease–related ICH (non-CAA ICH).

A Mitochondrial Genome-Wide Association Study of Cataract in a Latino Population.

Purpose: Over 9.5 million Latinos could be affected by cataracts by 2050. However, no known cataract genetic risk alleles have been identified in Latinos.

Superficial Cerebellar Microbleeds and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Positron Emission Tomography Study.

Background and Purpose- The differentiation between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertensive small vessel disease in primary intracerebral hemorrhage is mainly based on hemorrhagic neuroimaging markers in the supratentorial regions, and the cause for cerebellar microbleeds remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether superficial cerebellar microbleeds are more likely to be related to CAA rather than hypertensive small vessel disease. Methods- Two hundred seventy-five consecutive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained hospital-based stroke registry.

Microangiopathy underlying mixed-location intracerebral hemorrhages/microbleeds: A PiB-PET study.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that patients with concomitant lobar and deep intracerebral hemorrhages/microbleeds (mixed ICH) have predominantly hypertensive small vessel disease (HTN-SVD) rather than cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), using in vivo amyloid imaging.

Methods: Eighty Asian patients with primary ICH without dementia were included in this cross-sectional study. All patients underwent brain MRI and C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET imaging.

Distribution of Lacunar Infarcts in Asians With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Study.

Background And Purpose: We evaluated whether lacunes in centrum semiovale (lobar lacunes) were associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) markers in an Asian intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) population.

Methods: One hundred ten patients with primary ICH were classified as CAA-ICH (n=24; mean age, 70.9±13.

Rapid antigen tests for dengue virus serotypes and Zika virus in patient serum.

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak demonstrates that cost-effective clinical diagnostics are urgently needed to detect and distinguish viral infections to improve patient care. Unlike dengue virus (DENV), ZIKV infections during pregnancy correlate with severe birth defects, including microcephaly and neurological disorders. Because ZIKV and DENV are related flaviviruses, their homologous proteins and nucleic acids can cause cross-reactions and false-positive results in molecular, antigenic, and serologic diagnostics.

Pyruvate kinase M2 activators promote tetramer formation and suppress tumorigenesis.

Cancer cells engage in a metabolic program to enhance biosynthesis and support cell proliferation. The regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) influence altered glucose metabolism in cancer. The interaction of PKM2 with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins inhibits enzyme activity and increases the availability of glycolytic metabolites to support cell proliferation.

Hyperpolarized 13C lactate, pyruvate, and alanine: noninvasive biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and grading.

An extraordinary new technique using hyperpolarized (13)C-labeled pyruvate and taking advantage of increased glycolysis in cancer has the potential to improve the way magnetic resonance imaging is used for detection and characterization of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to quantify, for the first time, differences in hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] pyruvate and its metabolic products between the various histologic grades of prostate cancer using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Fast spectroscopic imaging techniques were used to image lactate, alanine, and total hyperpolarized carbon (THC = lactate + pyruvate + alanine) from the entire abdomen of normal mice and TRAMP mice with low- and high-grade prostate tumors in 14 s.

Measurement of the lifetime difference in the B0(s) system.

We present a study of the decay B0(s) --> J/psiphi. We obtain the CP-odd fraction in the final state at time zero, Rperpendicular = 0.16 +/- 0.