Publications by authors named "S-I Oh"
Dose adjustments of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for atrial fibrillation are based on pivotal clinical trials assessing their effectiveness and safety in controlled settings. However, the appropriateness of these dosing strategies in real-world practice is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of dose-specific DOACs with those of warfarin.
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- CAR-T cells are effective against certain blood cancers but face challenges due to potential toxicity from targeting common tumor antigens that are also found on normal cells.
- This study presents a solution using switchable CAR-T cells that utilize a tumor-targeting adaptor, allowing for targeted therapy while avoiding damage to healthy cells.
- The approach shows promise in reducing toxicity and enhancing safety, potentially expanding the types of tumors that CAR-T therapies can effectively treat.
The current noninvasive diagnostic approaches for detecting bladder cancer (BC) often exhibit limited clinical performance, especially for the initial diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the validity of a streamlined urine-based PENK methylation test called EarlyTect BCD in detecting BC in patients with hematuria scheduled for cystoscopy in Korean and American populations. The test seamlessly integrates two steps, linear target enrichment and quantitative methylation-specific PCR within a single closed tube.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) has necessitated the development of alternative therapies to deal with this global threat. Bacteriophages (viruses that target bacteria) that kill ARB are one such alternative. Although phages have been used clinically for decades with inconsistent results, a number of recent advances in phage selection, propagation, and purification have enabled a reevaluation of their utility in contemporary clinical medicine.
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- Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are recommended for stroke prevention in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and atrial fibrillation (AF), but their real-world effectiveness is unclear.
- This study analyzed data from nearly 13,000 patients over eight years to examine trends in clinical outcomes related to AIS and AF, particularly looking at how NOAC prescriptions influenced these trends.
- Results showed that NOAC prescriptions rose significantly from 0% to 75.6%, correlating with a decrease in 1-year incidences of major adverse outcomes from 28.3% to 21.7%, suggesting NOACs may play a key role in improving patient outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- - Researchers have developed advanced tools, like DdCBEs and TALEDs, to specifically edit mitochondrial DNA, which is important for studying and treating genetic disorders.
- - While A-to-G-editing TALEDs caused a lot of unwanted changes in RNA, newly engineered TALED variants drastically reduced these off-target effects by more than 99%.
- - The improved TALED variants were safe for use in mice, leading to models with specific mitochondrial mutations that display symptoms related to Leigh syndrome without causing negative side effects like developmental issues.
Background: There is limited information on the delivery of acute stroke therapies and secondary preventive measures and clinical outcomes over time in young adults with acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated whether advances in these treatments improved outcomes in this population.
Methods: Using a prospective multicenter stroke registry in Korea, young adults (aged 18-50 years) with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized between 2008 and 2019 were identified.
Article Synopsis
- Recent research indicates a lack of interchangeability between modified Rankin Scale measures of functional outcomes and mortality measures in assessing hospital performance for acute ischemic stroke patients.
- The study evaluated 8292 hospitalized stroke patients and used various metrics like 1-month and 1-year mortality to assess hospital outcomes.
- Findings revealed no significant correlation between hospitals’ rankings based on functional outcomes and those based on mortality rates, suggesting that these measures evaluate different aspects of hospital performance.
We previously constructed a VGG-16 based artificial intelligence (AI) model (image classifier [IC]) to predict the invasion depth in early gastric cancer (EGC) using endoscopic static images. However, images cannot capture the spatio-temporal information available during real-time endoscopy-the AI trained on static images could not estimate invasion depth accurately and reliably. Thus, we constructed a video classifier [VC] using videos for real-time depth prediction in EGC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We aimed to evaluate covert brain infarction (CBI), frequently encountered during the diagnostic work-up of acute ischemic stroke, as a risk factor for stroke recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods: For this prospective cohort study, from patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized at 14 centers between 2017 and 2019, we enrolled AF patients without history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and divided them into the CBI (+) and CBI (-) groups. The 2 groups were compared regarding the 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality using the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model with nonstroke death as a competing risk and the Cox frailty model, respectively.
Article Synopsis
- - Blood vessels have a complex 3D structure that's difficult to analyze with traditional methods, which often damage their topological arrangement.
- - This study used tissue optical clearing techniques combined with light-sheet and confocal microscopy to create high-resolution 3D images of rat brain vasculature after inducing a temporary stroke.
- - Findings indicated that the ischemic area showed reduced blood vessel diameter and density, along with notable neuronal loss and increased astrocyte activity, highlighting the effectiveness of these methods for studying cerebrovascular and neuronal changes in brain disorders.
The goal of this work was to use the pyrolysis process to synthesize graphene quantum dots doped with garlic extract (as N,S-GQDs) and simultaneously co-doped with iodine (as I-GQDs). XPS, HR-TEM, FE-SEM/EDX, FT-IR, fluorescence, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the N,S,I-GQDs and analyze their morphological images. The quantum yield of N,S,I-GQDs was found to be 45%, greater than that of undoped GQDs (31%).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Purpose: High-resolution postcontrast 3D T1WI is a widely used sequence for evaluating brain metastasis, despite the long scan time. This study aimed to compare highly accelerated postcontrast 3D T1-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution by using wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (wave-T1-SPACE) with the commonly used standard high-resolution postcontrast 3D T1-SPACE for the evaluation of brain metastases.
Materials And Methods: Among the 387 patients who underwent postcontrast wave-T1-SPACE and standard SPACE, 56 patients with suspected brain metastases were retrospectively included.
Background: Stroke of other determined etiology (OE) includes patients with an uncommon cause of stroke. We described the general characteristics, management, and outcomes of stroke in OE and its subgroups.
Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective, multicenter, nationwide registry, the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Korea-National Institutes of Health registry.
Background And Objective: To investigate the clinical relevance of CSF myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) testing in a large multicenter cohort.
Methods: In this multicenter cohort study, paired serum-CSF samples from 474 patients with suspected inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) from 11 referral hospitals were included. After serum screening, patients were grouped into seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD, 31), aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, 60), other IDDs (217), multiple sclerosis (MS, 45), and non-IDDs (121).
Background And Objectives: We evaluated the association between admission glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and subsequent risk of composite vascular events, including stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and vascular death, in patients with acute ischemic stroke and diabetes.
Methods: Patients who had a TIA or an acute ischemic stroke within 7 days of symptom onset and diabetes were included in a retrospective cohort design using the stroke registry of the Clinical Research Center for Stroke in Korea. The association between admission HbA1c and composite vascular events, including stroke, MI, and vascular death, during 1-year follow-up was estimated using the Fine-Gray model.
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition).
Autophagy
January 2021
Article Synopsis
- In 2008, guidelines were established for researching autophagy, which has since gained significant interest and new technologies, necessitating regular updates to monitoring methods across various organisms.
- The new guidelines emphasize selecting appropriate techniques to evaluate autophagy while noting that no single method suits all situations; thus, a combination of methods is encouraged.
- The document highlights that key proteins involved in autophagy also impact other cellular processes, suggesting genetic studies should focus on multiple autophagy-related genes to fully understand these pathways.
Article Synopsis
- The study explored the Eustachian tube's role in the spread of injected nanoparticles and gentamicin in rats after ear injection.
- The experiment involved three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats with varying substances injected, and imaging was used to monitor the distribution of these particles.
- Results indicated that nanoparticles could spread to the opposite ear, suggesting that the Eustachian tube may facilitate this movement, which raises concerns for controlling studies on drug delivery in the inner ear.
Objective: To improve epidemiologic knowledge of neurologic deterioration (ND) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Methods: In this prospective observational study, we captured ND prospectively in 29,446 patients with AIS admitted to 15 hospitals in Korea within 7 days of stroke onset. ND was defined as an increase in NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥2 (total), or ≥1 (motor or consciousness), or any new neurologic symptoms.
Objective: It is uncertain whether patients with cardioembolic stroke and without a guidance-based indication for statin therapy should be administered a statin for prevention of subsequent vascular events. This study was performed to determine whether the statin therapy is beneficial in preventing major vascular events in this population.
Methods: Using a prospective multicenter stroke registry database, we identified patients with acute cardioembolic stroke who were hospitalized between 2008 and 2015.
Background: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with severe aortic stenosis. However, its prognostic value in patients with moderate aortic stenosis remains unknown.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with moderate aortic stenosis (1.
Background and Purpose- We evaluated whether hemoglobin concentration at admission was associated with stroke recurrence and composite vascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death) in acute ischemic stroke. Methods- We collected data from patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack from a multicenter stroke registry database in Korea. The association of hemoglobin concentration with 1-year stroke recurrence and composite vascular events was evaluated with respect to age, presence of cerebral artery stenosis, stroke severity, and stroke subtype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Stroke is a devastating and costly disease; however, there is a paucity of information on long-term costs and on how they differ according to 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, which is a primary outcome variable in acute stroke intervention trials.
Methods: We analyzed a prospective multicenter stroke registry (Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea) database through linkage with claims data from the National Health Insurance Service with follow-up to December 2016. Healthcare expenditures were converted into daily cost individually, and annual and cumulative costs up to 5 years were estimated and compared according to the 3-month mRS score.
The cost of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a substantial economic burden. In Japan, imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib are now approved as first-line treatment of CML in chronic phase. Recent "stop TKI" trials have shown that TKIs can be safely discontinued in nearly one-half of patients with sustained deep molecular response (DMR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground and Purpose- This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel plus aspirin (DAPT) with that of aspirin monotherapy (AM) in patients with acute, nonminor, and noncardioembolic stroke. Methods- Using a prospective, nationwide, multicenter stroke registry database, acute (within 24 hours of onset), nonminor (baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 4-15), and noncardioembolic stroke patients were identified. Propensity scores using inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to adjust baseline imbalances between the DAPT and AM groups.
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