Disparities in Receipt of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US Veterans Health Administration.

Background: Populations disproportionately impacted by the opioid epidemic are less likely to receive medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD; OUD). The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these disparities. We performed an ecological survey of subpopulations to compare differences in MOUD receipt among Veterans with OUD before versus during the pandemic.

Combination of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neuron progenitor cells with irradiated brain-derived neurotrophic factor over-expressing engineered mesenchymal stem cells enhanced restoration of axonal regeneration in a chronic spinal cord injury rat model.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease that causes permanent impairment of motor, sensory, and autonomic nervous system functions. Stem cell transplantation for neuron regeneration is a promising strategic treatment for SCI. However, selecting stem cell sources and cell transplantation based on experimental evidence is required.

Real-world effectiveness of a single conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (cDMARD) plus an anti-TNF agent versus multiple cDMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective observational study.

Objective: The objective of this prospective, observational multicenter study (NCT03264703) was to compare the effectiveness of single conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (cDMARD) plus anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy versus multiple cDMARD treatments in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) following cDMARD failure in the real-world setting in South Korea.

Methods: At the treating physicians' discretion, patients received single cDMARD plus anti-TNF therapy or multiple cDMARDs. Changes from baseline in disease activity score 28-joint count with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), corticosteroid use, and Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire (KHAQ-20) scores were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months.

A pilot study to assess the feasibility of a remotely monitored high-intensity interval training program prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Introduction: Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) can be a curative therapy for hematologic disorders, it is associated with treatment-related complications and losses in cardiorespiratory fitness and physical function. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may be a practical way to rapidly improve cardiorespiratory fitness and physical function in the weeks prior to HCT. The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a pre-HCT home-based HIIT intervention.

Statement on chronotherapy for the treatment of hypertension: consensus document from the Korean society of hypertension.

Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) has been shown to have a significant predictive value for cardiovascular disease. In some cases, it has a superior predictive value for future cardiovascular outcomes than daytime BP. As efficacy of BP medications wanes during nighttime and early morning, control of nocturnal hypertension and morning hypertension can be difficult.

Single-center study on clinicopathological and typical molecular pathologic features of metastatic brain tumor.

Background: The metastatic brain tumor is the most common brain tumor. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinicopathological and molecular pathologic features of brain metastases (BM).

Methods: A total of 269 patients were diagnosed with BM through surgical resection at Seoul St.

Guanine-containing ssDNA and RNA induce dimeric and tetrameric SAMHD1 in cryo-EM and binding studies.

The dNTPase activity of tetrameric SAM and HD domain containing deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase 1 (SAMHD1) plays a critical role in cellular dNTP regulation. SAMHD1 also associates with stalled DNA replication forks, DNA repair foci, ssRNA, and telomeres. The above functions require nucleic acid binding by SAMHD1, which may be modulated by its oligomeric state.

2023 Consensus of Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Pharmacological Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure.

The prevalence of heart failure is increasing, causing a tremendous burden on health care systems around the world. Although mortality rate of heart failure has been significantly reduced by several effective agents in the past 3 decades, yet it remains high in observational studies. More recently, several new classes of drugs emerged with significant efficacy in reducing mortality and hospitalization in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Millisecond cryo-trapping by the spitrobot crystal plunger simplifies time-resolved crystallography.

We introduce the spitrobot, a protein crystal plunger, enabling reaction quenching via cryo-trapping with a time-resolution in the millisecond range. Protein crystals are mounted on canonical micromeshes on an electropneumatic piston, where the crystals are kept in a humidity and temperature-controlled environment, then reactions are initiated via the liquid application method (LAMA) and plunging into liquid nitrogen is initiated after an electronically set delay time to cryo-trap intermediate states. High-magnification images are automatically recorded before and after droplet deposition, prior to plunging.

Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System Activation Alters Relationship Between Systolic Blood Pressure and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Elevated blood pressure and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, interrelationship between blood pressure and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity on the risk of CKD progression is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed 2076 participants from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With CKD.

Use of Valsalva Maneuver to Detect Late-Onset Delayed Orthostatic Hypotension.

Background: Standard autonomic testing includes a 10-minute head-up tilt table test to detect orthostatic hypotension. Although this test can detect delayed orthostatic hypotension (dOH) between 3 and 10 minutes of standing, it cannot detect late-onset dOH after 10 minutes of standing.

Methods: To determine whether Valsalva maneuver responses can identify patients who would require prolonged head-up tilt table test to diagnose late-onset dOH; patients with immediate orthostatic hypotension (onset <3 minutes; n=176), early-onset dOH (onset between 3 and 10 minutes; n=68), and late-onset dOH (onset >10 minutes; n=32) were retrospectively compared with controls (n=114) with normal head-up tilt table test and composite autonomic scoring scale score of 0.

Grabody B, an IGF1 receptor-based shuttle, mediates efficient delivery of biologics across the blood-brain barrier.

Effective delivery of therapeutics to the brain is challenging. Molecular shuttles use receptors expressed on brain endothelial cells to deliver therapeutics. Antibodies targeting transferrin receptor (TfR) have been widely developed as molecular shuttles.

A single administration of hIL-7-hyFc induces long-lasting T-cell expansion with maintained effector functions.

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an essential cytokine for T-cell homeostatic proliferation and maintenance. Clinical studies have shown the potential benefits of IL-7 therapy in various diseases associated with lymphopenia. However, the kinetics of the T-cell response to a single administration of IL-7 in humans have not been fully elucidated.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Immunoglobulin G in the CSF: Clinical Implication of Testing and Association With Disability.

Background And Objective: To investigate the clinical relevance of CSF myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) testing in a large multicenter cohort.

Methods: In this multicenter cohort study, paired serum-CSF samples from 474 patients with suspected inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) from 11 referral hospitals were included. After serum screening, patients were grouped into seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD, 31), aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, 60), other IDDs (217), multiple sclerosis (MS, 45), and non-IDDs (121).

Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction and Acute Cellular Rejection After Heart Transplantation.

Background: Acute cellular rejection is a major determinant of mortality and retransplantation after heart transplantation. We sought to evaluate the prognostic implications of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction assessed by index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) for the risk of acute cellular rejection after heart transplantation.

Methods: The present study prospectively enrolled 154 heart transplant recipients who underwent scheduled coronary angiography and invasive coronary physiological assessment 1 month after transplantation.

Topical administration of the kappa opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine suppresses corneal neovascularization and inflammation.

Corneal neovascularization (CNV) causes higher-order aberrations, corneal edema, ocular inflammation, and corneal transplant rejection, thereby decreasing visual acuity. In this study, we investigated the effects of topical administration of the kappa opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine (TRK-820) on CNV. To induce CNV, intrastromal corneal sutures were placed on the corneal stroma of BALB/c mice for 2 weeks.

Update: Radiographic and CT Features of Viral Pneumonia.

.-Articles in the Update section provide current knowledge to supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in . Authors of the previously published article provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes.

hIL-7-hyFc, A Long-Acting IL-7, Increased Absolute Lymphocyte Count in Healthy Subjects.

A low lymphocyte count puts immune-compromised patients at risk of mortality. hIL-7-hyFc is a homodimeric interleukin-7 (IL-7), a potent T-cell amplifier, fused to the hybridizing IgD/IgG4 immunoglobulin domain. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, phase I study to assess the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity profiles of hIL-7-hyFc administered s.