Substrate-specific responses to mixing conditions in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis: Insights from microcrystalline cellulose and dilute-acid pretreated corncob.

This study investigates the mixing effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and dilute-acid pretreated corncob substrates under high-solid conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were conducted to assess cellulose conversion rates under varying mixing conditions (0, 50, 150, and 250 rpm) and solids loadings (5 %, 15 %, 25 %, and 35 %, w/v), and distinct physicochemical properties of the substrates were characterized. Additionally, the role of mixing conditions and solid loadings on cellulose hydrolysis kinetics and enzyme adsorption on both substrates and lignin were elucidated.

SEAD reference panel with 22,134 haplotypes boosts rare variant imputation and genome-wide association analysis in Asian populations.

Limited whole genome sequencing (WGS) studies in Asian populations result in a lack of representative reference panels, thus hindering the discovery of ancestry-specific variants. Here, we present the South and East Asian reference Database (SEAD) panel ( https://imputationserver.westlake.

Hepatic Sinusoidal Disorders.

Hepatic sinusoids are highly specialized microcirculatory conduits within the hepatic lobules that facilitate liver functions. The sinusoids can be affected by various disorders, including sinusoidal dilatation, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), sinusoidal cellular infiltration, perisinusoidal infiltration, and endothelial neoplasms, such as hemangioendothelioma and angiosarcoma. While these disorders, particularly SOS and neoplasms, can be life threatening, their clinical manifestation is often nonspecific.

Empowering Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: Implementation of a Hospital-wide CGM Policy With EHR-Integrated Validation for Dosing Insulin.

Objective: We aimed to assess the feasibility, clinical accuracy, and acceptance of a hospital-wide continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) policy with electronic health record (EHR)-integrated validation for insulin dosing.

Research Design And Methods: A hospital policy was developed and implemented at Stanford Health Care for using personal CGMs in lieu of fingerstick blood glucose (FSBG) monitoring. It included requirements specific to each CGM, accuracy monitoring protocols, and EHR integration.

Local Ablation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical Significance of Tumor Size, Location, and Biology.

Local ablation therapy, encompassing radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation, and cryoablation, has emerged as a crucial strategy for managing small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), complementing liver resection and transplantation. This review delves into the clinical significance of tumor size, location, and biology in guiding treatment decisions for HCCs undergoing local ablation therapy, with a focus on tumors smaller than 3 cm. Tumor size significantly influences treatment outcomes, with larger tumors associated with poorer local tumor control due to challenges in creating sufficient ablative margins and the likelihood of microvascular invasion and peritumoral satellite nodules.

Fractal analysis of left ventricular trabeculae in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.

Objectives: Endocardial trabeculae undergo varicose changes and hyperplasia in response to hemodynamic influences and are a variable phenotype reflecting changes in disease. Fractal analysis has been used to analyze the complexity of endocardial trabeculae in a variety of cardiomyopathies. The aim of this paper was to quantify the myocardial trabecular complexity through fractal analysis and to investigate its predictive value for the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD).

Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels predict survival in patients with portal hypertension undergoing TIPS.

Background & Aims: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is the most effective therapy for complications of portal hypertension. However, clinical outcomes following TIPS placement vary widely between patients and identifying ideal candidates remains a challenge. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a circulating marker of immune activation that has previously been associated with liver inflammation, but its prognostic value in patients receiving TIPS is unknown.

Sequential CD7 CAR T-Cell Therapy and Allogeneic HSCT without GVHD Prophylaxis.

Background: Patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic cancers have a poor prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy as a bridge to allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) has the potential for long-term tumor elimination. However, pre-HSCT myeloablation and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis agents have toxic effects and could eradicate residual CAR T cells and compromise antitumor effects.

Trans-lesion synthesis and mismatch repair pathway crosstalk defines chemoresistance and hypermutation mechanisms in glioblastoma.

Almost all Glioblastoma (GBM) are either intrinsically resistant to the chemotherapeutical drug temozolomide (TMZ) or acquire therapy-induced mutations that cause chemoresistance and recurrence. The genome maintenance mechanisms responsible for GBM chemoresistance and hypermutation are unknown. We show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 (a proximal regulator of TLS) is activated in a Mismatch repair (MMR)-dependent manner in TMZ-treated GBM cells, promoting post-replicative gap-filling and survival.

A phase 4 multicentre, 2×2 factorial randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of tobramycin inhalation solution for eradication in bronchiectasis: ERASE.

Chronic (PA) infection significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in bronchiectasis patients. Initiating antibiotics early may lead to the eradication of PA. Here we outline the design of a trial (ERASE; NCT06093191) assessing the efficacy and safety of inhaled tobramycin, alone or with oral ciprofloxacin, in bronchiectasis patients with a new isolation of PA.

A Deep-Learning Model for Predicting the Efficacy of Non-vascularized Fibular Grafting Using Digital Radiography.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop a fully automated deep-learning (DL) model using digital radiography (DR) with relatively high accuracy for predicting the efficacy of non-vascularized fibular grafting (NVFG) and identifying suitable patients for this procedure.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on osteonecrosis of femoral head patients who underwent NVFG between June 2009 and June 2021. All patients underwent standard preoperative anteroposterior (AP) and frog-lateral (FL) DR.

Trans-Lesion Synthesis and Mismatch Repair Pathway Crosstalk Defines Chemoresistance and Hypermutation Mechanisms in Glioblastoma.

Almost all Glioblastoma (GBM) are either intrinsically resistant to the chemotherapeutical drug temozolomide (TMZ) or acquire therapy-induced mutations that cause chemoresistance and recurrence. The genome maintenance mechanisms responsible for GBM chemoresistance and hypermutation are unknown. We show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 (a proximal regulator of TLS) is activated in a Mismatch repair (MMR)-dependent manner in TMZ-treated GBM cells, promoting post-replicative gap-filling and survival.

Trans-Lesion Synthesis and Mismatch Repair Pathway Crosstalk Defines Chemoresistance and Hypermutation Mechanisms in Glioblastoma.

Almost all Glioblastoma (GBM) are either intrinsically resistant to the chemotherapeutical drug temozolomide (TMZ) or acquire therapy-induced mutations that cause chemoresistance and recurrence. The genome maintenance mechanisms responsible for GBM chemoresistance and hypermutation are unknown. We show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 (a proximal regulator of TLS) is activated in a Mismatch repair (MMR)-dependent manner in TMZ-treated GBM cells, promoting post-replicative gap-filling and survival.

Effect of Iron Tailing Powder-Based Ternary Admixture on Acid Corrosion Resistance of Concrete.

Exposure of concrete to acidic environments can cause the degradation of concrete elements and seriously affect the durability of concrete. As solid wastes are produced during industrial activity, ITP (iron tailing powder), FA (fly ash), and LS (lithium slag) can be used as admixtures to produce concrete and improve its workability. This paper focuses on the preparation of concrete using a ternary mineral admixture system consisting of ITP, FA, and LS to investigate the acid erosion resistance of concrete in acetic acid solution at different cement replacement rates and different water-binder ratios.

Clinical Correlation of Adenoviral Load in the Respiratory Tract Measured by Digital PCR in Immunocompromised Children.

Immunocompromised patients can have life-threatening adenoviral infection. Viral load in blood and stool is commonly used to guide antiviral therapy. We developed and evaluated a digital polymerase chain reaction assay to quantify human adenovirus in the respiratory tract and showed that higher peak load correlates with disseminated infection, mechanical ventilation, and death.

A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer: 2nd Edition.

The first edition of 'A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer' was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

A standardized pathology report for gastric cancer: 2nd edition.

The first edition of 'A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer' was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

Artificial intelligence to enhance clinical value across the spectrum of cardiovascular healthcare.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being utilized in healthcare. This article provides clinicians and researchers with a step-wise foundation for high-value AI that can be applied to a variety of different data modalities. The aim is to improve the transparency and application of AI methods, with the potential to benefit patients in routine cardiovascular care.

Feasibility of uranium tailings for cemented backfill and its environmental effects.

Surface storage of uranium tailings presents a potential threat to the environment and human health. Cemented backfill can be used to dispose of tailings and control the ground pressure of stopes, providing a new approach for the in-situ seal of heap leaching uranium tailings (HLUTs). The backfilling characteristics of HLUTs were investigated by analyzing the release mechanism of sulfuric acid in HLUTs, the rheological properties of backfill slurry, as well as the strength development and microscopic characteristics of cemented HLUTs backfill (CUTB).

The Effect of Seawater on Mortar Matrix Coated with Hybrid Nano-Silica-Modified Surface Protection Materials.

Surface treatment technology is an effective method to reinforce the durability of concrete. In this study, cement-based materials containing industrial solid wastes were modified by hybrid nano-silica (HN), then applied as a novel surface protection material (SPM-HN). The effect of SPM-HN on surface hardness of mortar matrix exposed to seawater was investigated.

d/d-H, a New Test to Distinguish Different Selection Modes in Protein Evolution and Cancer Evolution.

One of the most popular measures in the analysis of protein sequence evolution is the ratio of nonsynonymous distance (d) to synonymous distance (d). Under the assumption that synonymous substitutions in the coding region are selectively neutral, the d/d ratio can be used to statistically detect the adaptive evolution (or purifying selection) if d/d > 1 (or d/d < 1) significantly. However, due to strong structural constraints and/or variable functional constraints imposed on amino acid sites, most encoding genes in most species have demonstrated d/d < 1.

Recycling of arsenic-containing biohydrometallurgy waste to produce a binder for cemented paste backfill: Co-treatment with oil shale residue.

The high cost of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) limits the broad usage of cemented paste backfill (CPB). Additionally, improper disposal of arsenic-containing biohydrometallurgy waste (BW) can cause tremendous pollution to the environment. Consequently, BW is used to prepare an alternative cementitious material for CPB in this study.

Preparation and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Rice Husk Ash-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Tailing Composite Cemented Paste Backfill.

At present, the research on rice hull ash and cement-based materials as cementitious materials continues to deepen. Low-cost rice hull ash replaces part of Portland cement, which plays a dual role in saving material costs and improving environmental benefits. In this study, alkali-activated rice husk ash (RHA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used to prepare cementitious material.