Mapping simulated visual field defects with movie-viewing pupil perimetry.

Purpose: Assessing the quality of the visual field is important for the diagnosis of ophthalmic and neurological diseases and, consequently, for rehabilitation. Visual field defects (VFDs) are typically assessed using standard automated perimetry (SAP). However, SAP requires participants to understand instructions, maintain fixation and sustained attention, and provide overt responses.

Latent memory traces for prospective items in visual working memory.

Visual working memory (VWM) is a capacity-limited cognitive system that is utilized for enabling goal-directed actions. When sampling items for VWM storage, however, observers are often exposed to other items that are not selected for imminent action (hereafter: "prospective items"). Here, we asked whether such exposure leads to memory buildup of these prospective items, facilitating subsequent VWM encoding for imminent action.

Inspecting the external world: Memory capacity, but not memory self-efficacy, predicts offloading in working memory.

Individuals with memory impairments may need to rely often on the external world (i.e. offloading).

Shifting reliance between the internal and external world: A meta-analysis on visual-working memory use.

Visual working memory (VWM) is a fundamental cognitive capacity that allows us to temporarily hold visual information, but storage is effortful and content-fragile. Rather than loading VWM to the maximum, individuals usually rely on the external world and access information just in time. However, participants do rely on VWM more as access costs to external information increase.

Saliency response in superior colliculus at the future saccade goal predicts fixation duration during free viewing of dynamic scenes.

Eye movements in daily life occur in rapid succession and often without a predefined goal. Using a free viewing task, we examined how fixation duration prior to a saccade correlates to visual saliency and neuronal activity in the superior colliculus (SC) at the saccade goal. Rhesus monkeys (three male) watched videos of natural, dynamic, scenes while eye movements were tracked and, simultaneously, neurons were recorded in the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SCs and SCi respectively), a midbrain structure closely associated with gaze, attention, and saliency coding.