Moderate-Intensity and High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training Offer Equal Cardioprotection, with Different Mechanisms, during the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats.

Endurance exercise training is a promising cardioprotective strategy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the impact of its intensity is not clear. We aimed to investigate whether and how isocaloric moderate-intensity exercise training (MIT) and high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) could prevent the adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction that develop T2DM in rats. Male rats received a Western diet (WD) to induce T2DM and underwent a sedentary lifestyle ( = 7), MIT ( = 7) or HIIT ( = 8).

Metallothioneins alter macrophage phenotype and represent novel therapeutic targets for acetaminophen-induced liver injury.

Acetaminophen (APAP) intoxication is the foremost cause of drug-induced liver failure in developed countries. The only pharmacologic treatment option, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is not effective for patients who are admitted too late and/or who have excessive liver damage, emphasizing the need for alternative treatment options. APAP intoxication results in hepatocyte death and release of danger signals, which further contribute to liver injury, in part by hepatic monocyte/macrophage infiltration and activation.

Lighter serum copper isotopic composition in patients with early non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective: The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is globally increasing. To challenge the current incidence of NAFLD, non-invasive markers that could identify patients at risk or monitor disease progression are an important need. Copper intake and organ copper concentrations have earlier been linked to NAFLD progression, but serum copper does not adequately represent the disease state.

Myeloid-specific IRE1alpha deletion reduces tumour development in a diabetic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-induced hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model.

Background And Aims: Obesity, diabetes and associated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are rising risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Macrophages are important immune cells involved in inflammation and tumour development. Macrophage inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), an ER-stress protein, has been shown to be involved in macrophage cytokine production, and myeloid-specific IRE1α knock-out (myeloid IRE1α-KO) mice showed reduced weight gain during high-fat diet feeding.