Clinicopathological study of a rare neuroectodermal neoplasm of the cranium.

Purpose: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare, rapidly growing pigmented neoplasm originating from the neural crest. Predominantly affecting infants, it commonly occurs in the head and neck region. MNTI is often locally aggressive with a high recurrence rate.

Analysis of the effect of baseline detection and early clearance of ct-DNA, on survival outcomes among patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: To determine if circulating tumor DNA (ct-DNA) dynamics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in plasma can identify a subset of patients with EGFR-mutant (EGFR- m) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with inferior survival outcomes, we analyzed and compared survival outcomes among patients with and without baseline presence and early clearance of EGFR ct-DNA in plasma.

Material And Methods: For 66 patients newly dia-gnosed with EGFR- m NSCLC, plasma samples were collected at baseline and 1st response assessment at 12-24 weeks for extraction of ct-DNA. Estimation of ct-DNA (EGFR exons 18, 19, 20 and 21) was done using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (dd-PCR) on the QX200 ddPCR system (BioRad, USA).

A chinrest-based approach to measure eye movements and experimental task engagement in macaques with minimal restraint.

Background: The use of Rhesus macaques in vision research is crucial due to their visual system's similarity to humans. While invasive techniques have been the norm, there has been a shift towards non-invasive methods, such as facemasks and head molds, to enhance animal welfare and address ethical concerns.

New Method: We present a non-invasive, 3D-printed chinrest with infrared sensors, adapted from canine research, allowing for accurate eye movement measurements and voluntary animal participation in experiments.

The structural repertoire of f. sp. effectors revealed by experimental and computational studies.

Plant pathogens secrete proteins, known as effectors, that function in the apoplast or inside plant cells to promote virulence. Effector recognition by cell-surface or cytosolic receptors results in the activation of defence pathways and plant immunity. Despite their importance, our general understanding of fungal effector function and recognition by immunity receptors remains poor.