[A multicenter survey of pediatric endotracheal tube management].

Background: The goal of this multicenter survey was to examine the variety of pediatric endotracheal tube (PETT) management methods utilized by anesthesiologists.

Methods: A postal survey for PETT management methods was performed among anesthesiologists at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals.

Results: Age was the primary criteria for PETT size selection, followed by height and weight, while the surgical procedure was the primary criteria for PETT type selection, followed by age and then weight.

Recrystallization and reactivation of dopant atoms in ion-implanted silicon nanowires.

Recrystallization of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) after ion implantation strongly depends on the ion doses and species. Full amorphization by high-dose implantation induces polycrystal structures in SiNWs even after high-temperature annealing, with this tendency more pronounced for heavy ions. Hot-implantation techniques dramatically suppress polycrystallization in SiNWs, resulting in reversion to the original single-crystal structures and consequently high reactivation rate of dopant atoms.

Segregation behaviors and radial distribution of dopant atoms in silicon nanowires.

Gaining an understanding the dynamic behaviors of dopant atoms in silicon nanowires (SiNWs) is the key to achieving low-power and high-speed transistor devices using SiNWs. The segregation behavior of boron (B) and phosphorus (P) atoms in B- and P-doped SiNWs during thermal oxidation was closely observed using B local vibrational peaks and Fano broadening in optical phonon peaks of B-doped SiNWs by micro-Raman scattering. Electron spin resonance (ESR) signals from conduction electrons were used for P-doped SiNWs.

Pretreatment of automobile shredder residue (ASR) for fuel utilization.

Automobile shredder residue (ASR) was pretreated to improve its quality for fuel utilization. Composition analysis revealed that ASR components could be classified into four groups: (1) urethane and textile-light fraction and combustibles containing low levels of ash and Cl; (2) plastics and rubber-light or heavy fraction and combustibles containing high levels of Cl; (3) metals and electrical wire-heavy fraction and incombustibles, and (4) particles smaller than 5.6mm with high ash contents.