Hypertension is associated with the reduction in epidermal small fibres independently of sural nerve inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a multifactorial disease associated not only with hyperglycaemia but also with circulatory disturbances such as hypertension. A close interaction between the immune system and hypertension is known. It remains unclear whether the inflammatory response is associated with hypertension in the pathology of human DPN.

A case of selpercatinib treatment for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma resulting in abscess formation.

Rearranged during transfection () gene abnormality is a driver gene mutation that causes thyroid cancer, and selpercatinib has been shown to be useful for treating thyroid cancer with gene abnormalities. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a disease with an extremely poor prognosis with no standard treatment established, and there are only one case reports of the efficacy of selpercatinib for fusion gene-positive anaplastic thyroid cancer. We herein report our experience treating an old Japanese woman with unresectable anaplastic thyroid cancer with selpercatinib.

Contribution of animal models to diabetes research: Its history, significance, and translation to humans.

Diabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder.

Gut as a source of new β-cells and Segi's cap.

A deficit of β-cells is a salient feature in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Due to the absolute lack of supplying β-cells for organ or cell transplantation, there is an urgent need to explore the efficient method to generate insulin-producing cells. Cell conversion of intestinal cryptic epithelial cells to insulin-producing β-like cells is a novel and promising therapeutic target.

Bi-glandular and persistent enterovirus infection and distinct changes of the pancreas in slowly progressive type 1 diabetes mellitus.

In slowly progressive type 1 diabetes mellitus (SPIDDM), the pancreas shows sustained islet inflammation, pancreatitis, pancreatic acinar cell metaplasia/dysplasia (ADM), and intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), a precancerous lesion. The mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. The presence of enterovirus (EV) encoded-capsid protein 1 (VP1) and -2A protease (2A) and the innate immune responses of the pancreas were studied using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in 12 SPIDDM and 19 non-diabetic control pancreases.