Observation of single-photon azimuthal backflow with weak measurement.

Quantum backflow (QB), a counterintuitive interference phenomenon where particles with positive momentum can propagate backward, is important in applications involving light-matter interactions. To date, experimental demonstrations of backflow have been restricted to classical optical systems using techniques such as slit scanning or Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing, which suffer from low spatial resolution due to the inherent limitations in slit width and lenslet array density. Here, we report an observation of azimuthal backflow (AB) both theoretically and experimentally by employing the weak measurement technique, which enables the precise extraction of photon momentum at each pixel.

Cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and nicotine metabolite ratio indicate association between smoking and tooth loss.

Background: Previous research has indicated a potential connection between smoking and tooth loss, but it remains unclear how the metabolites of nicotine, cotinine (COT) and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (HC), and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) affect the occurrence and progress of tooth loss. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and smoking metabolites, then verify how the systemic immunoinflammatory index (SII) or monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) levels mediate this process.

Methods: The cross-sectional study data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Smart and Noninvasive SERS Immunosensors for Monitoring Dynamic Expression of Cytokines during Cell Pyroptosis.

Accompanying the occurrence of inflammatory reaction to release cytokines, pyroptosis can activate an immune response for resistance against cancer. Consequently, elevated levels of cytokines released by cancer cells are highly correlated with the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Herein, a noninvasive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) immunosensor was developed to sensitively and specifically measure the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, during the cell pyroptosis process.

Integrating genetics and transcriptomics to characterize shared mechanisms in digestive diseases and psychiatric disorders.

Digestive and psychiatric disorders tend to co-occur, yet mechanisms remain unclear. Leveraging genetic and transcriptomic data integration, we conduct multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to explore shared mechanism between psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. Significant genetic correlations were found between these disorders, especially in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), depression (DEP), and neuroticism (NE).