Sustained morphine exposure alters spinal NMDA receptor and astrocyte expression and exacerbates chronic pain behavior in female rats.

Introduction: Sustained opioid use has long-term negative impacts on future pain experience, particularly in women. This study aimed to investigate the underlying spinal neurobiology of this clinical observation in an experimental model of joint pain.

Objectives: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sustained opioid treatment exacerbates chronic pain responses and alters spinal cord dorsal horn astrogliosis and the expression of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in female rats.

Gynaecological organ involvement in females undergoing radical cystectomy: a multicentre study.

Objective: To report the incidence of malignancy in gynaecological organs removed during radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective multicentre study of 1600 RCs at three high-volume institutions between January 2009 and March 2022 was performed. Pathological findings in gynaecological organs in female RC specimens were reviewed.

Strangulated Small Bowel Internal Hernia Under the External Iliac Artery After Robotic Cystoprostatectomy.

Small bowel obstruction is a common surgical pathology encountered in the emergency department. The most common cause of small bowel obstruction is adhesions secondary to previous abdominal surgery. While strangulated external hernias are also a common cause of obstructions encountered, internal hernias leading to obstruction are rare.

No Evidence for Cognitive Impairment in an Experimental Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis and Associated Chronic Pain.

Although chronic pain states have been associated with impaired cognitive functions, including memory and cognitive flexibility, the cognitive effects of osteoarthritis (OA) pain remain to be clarified. The aim of this study was to measure cognitive function in the mono-iodoacetate (MIA) rat model of chronic OA-like knee pain. We used young adult male Lister hooded rats, which are well-suited for cognitive testing.

Evaluation of cannabidiol nanoparticles and nanoemulsion biodistribution in the central nervous system after intrathecal administration for the treatment of pain.

We investigated how the biodistribution of cannabidiol (CBD) within the central nervous system (CNS) is influenced by two different formulations, an oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion and polymer-coated nanoparticles (PCNPs). We observed that both CBD formulations administered were preferentially retained in the spinal cord, with high concentrations reaching the brain within 10 min of administration. The CBD nanoemulsion reached C in the brain at 210 ng/g within 120 min (T), whereas the CBD PCNPs had a C of 94 ng/g at 30 min (T), indicating that rapid brain delivery can be achieved through the use of PCNPs.