Cleavage of [Pd(PP)(-Cl)][BArF] (PP = Bis(phosphino)ferrocene, BArF = Tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate) with Monodentate Phosphines.

The addition of Na[BArF] (BArF = tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate) to [Pd(PP)Cl] (PP = 1,1'-bis(phosphino)ferrocene ligands) compounds results in the loss of a chloride ligand and the formation of the dimeric species [Pd(PP)(-Cl)][BArF]. In most cases, the addition of a monodentate phosphine, PR, to these dimeric species leads to cleaving of the dimer and formation of [Pd(PP)(PR)Cl][BArF]. While these reactions are readily observed via a significant color change, the P{H} NMR spectra offer more significant support, as the singlet for the dimer is replaced with three doublets of doublets.

Toxic influence of subchronic paraquat administration on dopaminergic neurons in rats.

Paraquat is a toxin suggested to contribute to pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The aim of the present study was to examine toxic influence of subchronic treatment with this pesticide (5 days, one injection per day, 2-3 days of withdrawal) on dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic and GABAergic neurons. Paraquat decreased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons in the substantia nigra by 22% (measured 3 days after withdrawal).

An influence of ligands of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes on parkinsonian-like symptoms and the striatopallidal pathway in rats.

Several data indicate that inhibition of glutamatergic transmission may be important to alleviate of parkinsonian symptoms. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to review recent studies on the search for putative antiparkinsonian-like effects of mGluR ligands and their brain targets. In order to inhibit glutamatergic transmission, the group I mGluRs (mGluR1 and mGluR5) were blocked, and group II (mGluR2/3) or III (mGluR4/7/8) mGluRs were activated.

A slowly developing dysfunction of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons induced by long-term paraquat administration in rats: an animal model of preclinical stages of Parkinson's disease?

The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of the long-term paraquat administration on the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system in rats. Paraquat was injected at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.p.

Influence of paraquat on dopaminergic transporter in the rat brain.

Selective toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a parkinsonism inducing compound, is well known to be related to an uptake of its active metabolite MPP+ into dopaminergic neurons by dopamine transporter (DAT). The aim of the present study was to examine whether paraquat, a commonly used herbicide, which is an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) analogue, affects DAT in vivo in rats. Paraquat administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg ip decreased the binding of [3H]GBR 12,935 to DAT measured by quantitative autoradiography in the dorsal and ventral caudate-putamen, but not in the substantia nigra pars compacta.