Oral cancer stem cells drive tumourigenesis through activation of stromal fibroblasts.

Background: Cancer stem cells are responsible for tumour progression and chemoresistance. Fibroblasts surrounding a tumour also promote progression and fibroblast "activation" is an independent prognostic marker in oral cancer. Cancer stem cells may therefore promote tumourigenesis through communication with stromal fibroblasts.

The chemokine lymphotactin and its recombinant variants in oral cancer cell regulation.

Background: The expression of XCR1 receptor and its metamorphic ligand lymphotactin (hLtn) has been shown in cancers but their precise role in tumorigenesis is poorly understood including the significance of the physiologically existing hLtn monomeric (CC3) and dimeric (W55D) confirmations where the latter thought to function as the receptor antagonist. The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of bioengineered hLtn variants and the role of fibroblasts in XCR1/hLtn expression regulation in oral cancer cells (OCCL).

Material And Methods: qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of XCR1 and hLtn.

Identification of key determinants in Porphyromonas gingivalis host-cell invasion assays.

The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis can invade host cells, a virulence trait which may contribute to the persistence of infection at subgingival sites. Whilst the antibiotic protection assay has been commonly employed to investigate and quantify P. gingivalis invasion, data obtained have varied widely and a thorough investigation of the factors influencing this is lacking.

Development and Characterization of In Vitro Human Oral Mucosal Equivalents Derived from Immortalized Oral Keratinocytes.

Tissue-engineered oral mucosal equivalents (OME) are being increasingly used to measure toxicity, drug delivery, and to model oral diseases. Current OME mainly comprise normal oral keratinocytes (NOK) cultured on top of a normal oral fibroblasts-containing matrix. However, the commercial supply of NOK is limited, restricting widespread use of these mucosal models.

Physiological Fluid Flow Moderates Fibroblast Responses to TGF-β1.

Fibroblasts are the major cellular component of connective tissue and experience mechanical perturbations due to matrix remodelling and interstitial fluid movement. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) can promote differentiation of fibroblasts in vitro to a contractile myofibroblastic phenotype characterised by the presence of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) rich stress fibres. To study the role of mechanical stimulation in this process, we examined the response of primary human fibroblasts to physiological levels of fluid movement and its influence on fibroblast differentiation and responses to TGF-β1.