Data derived extrapolation factors (DDEFs) for rat to human interspecies extrapolation for the HPPD inhibitor mesotrione.

In the risk assessment of agrochemicals, there has been a historical paucity of using data to refine the default adjustment factors, even though large datasets are available to support this. The current state of the science for addressing uncertainty regarding animal to human extrapolation (AF) is to develop a "data-derived" adjustment factor (DDEF) to quantify such differences, if data are available. Toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) differences between species can be utilized for the DDEF, with human datasets being ideal yet rare.

Predictive liver lipid biomarker signature of Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor related developmental toxicity in non-pregnant female Han Wistar rats - Lipidomics biomarker discovery and validation.

Introduction: Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibition is an attractive herbicide target. However, issues with fetal developmental toxicity identified at the late stages of the development process can halt progression of previously promising candidates.

Objectives: To select and verify predictive lipid biomarkers of ACCase inhibition activity in vivo using liver samples obtained from early stage 7 day repeat dose studies in non-pregnant female Han Wistar rats that could be translated to developmental toxicity endpoints discovered during late-stage studies to provide an early screening tool.

Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Itraconazole for Disseminated Infection Caused by Talaromyces marneffei.

First-line treatment of talaromycosis with amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAmB) is labor-intensive and toxic. Itraconazole is an appealing alternative antifungal agent. Pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 76 patients who were randomized to itraconazole in the Itraconazole versus Amphotericin B for Talaromycosis (IVAP) trial.

What do senior genitourinary medicine physicians think of the future of the speciality? A national survey.

Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) is a specialty that has undergone significant change over the past decade. Multiple factors have contributed to this including changes in service models and commissioning landscapes, health service leadership, medical education and changes in the spectrum of our clinical work. The Joint Specialist Committee for GUM at the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) conducted a national survey in December 2019 - January 2020 to understand the changing scope of work for GUM consultants.