Inter- and intraobserver agreement in 24-hour combined multiple intraluminal impedance and pH measurement in children.

Objectives: Assessment of intra- and interobserver agreement in multiple intraluminal impedance (MII) measurement between investigators from different institutions.

Methods: Twenty-four 18- to 24-hour MII tracings were randomly chosen from 4 different institutions (6 per center). Software-aided automatic analysis was performed.

Adenylyl cyclase type II domains involved in Gbetagamma stimulation.

Mammalian particulate adenylyl cyclases contain two transmembrane regions (M(1) and M(2)) and two cytosolic domains (C(1) and C(2)) forming the catalytic core. The cytosolic domains are subdivided into a highly conserved region (part a) and a region with lower similarity (part b). Hypothetical models exist that account for the mechanism by which Galpha(s) and forskolin stimulate mammalian adenylyl cyclase.

Downregulation of endothelin B receptor in human melanoma cell lines parallel to differentiation genes.

Normal human melanocytes have been shown to respond to the signal peptide endothelin by increased proliferation and melanin formation. Contradictory findings, however, have been reported about which of the two endothelin receptors (EDNRA or EDNRB) is expressed in normal melanocytes and melanoma cells. Moreover it was not clear whether malignant cells differ from their normal precursors in this respect.

A functional chimera of mammalian guanylyl and adenylyl cyclases.

Adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases synthesize second messenger molecules by intramolecular esterification of purine nucleotides, i.e., cAMP from ATP and cGMP from GTP, respectively.