Detecting interictal discharges in first seizure patients: ambulatory EEG or EEG after sleep deprivation?

Purpose: Uncertainty about recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure is a significant psychological burden for patients, and motivates the need for diagnostic tools with high sensitivity and specificity to assess recurrence risk. As the sensitivity of a routine EEG after a first unprovoked seizure is limited, patients often require further diagnostics. Here, we study if ambulatory EEG (aEEG) has similar diagnostic accuracy as sleep deprived EEG (sdEEG).

Autoantibodies and associated T-cell responses to determinants within the 831-860 region of the autoantigen IA-2 in Type 1 diabetes.

B-cells influence T-cell reactivity by facilitating antigen presentation, but the role of autoantibody-secreting B-cells in regulating T-cell responses in Type 1 diabetes is poorly defined. The aims of this study were to characterise epitopes on the IA-2 autoantigen for three monoclonal antibodies from diabetic patients by amino acid substitutions of selected residues of IA-2, establish contributions of these epitopes to binding of serum antibodies in Type 1 diabetes and relate B- and T-cell responses to overlapping determinants on IA-2. The monoclonal antibodies recognised overlapping epitopes, with residues within the 831-860 region of IA-2 contributing to binding; substitution of Glu836 inhibited binding of all three antibodies.

Autoantibodies to GAD65 and IA-2 in canine diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus in dogs shares many characteristics with the human type 1 disease and virtually all diabetic dogs require insulin therapy to control hyperglycaemia. Insulin deficiency is suspected to result from immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells in some cases. Human patients suffering from Type 1A (immune-mediated) diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA) demonstrate circulating autoantibodies against the 65kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and/or insulinoma antigen-2 (IA-2).

Mapping of epitopes for autoantibodies to the type 1 diabetes autoantigen IA-2 by peptide phage display and molecular modeling: overlap of antibody and T cell determinants.

IA-2 is a major target of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. IA-2 responsive T cells recognize determinants within regions represented by amino acids 787-817 and 841-869 of the molecule. Epitopes for IA-2 autoantibodies are largely conformational and not well defined.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 potentiates epidermal growth factor action in MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells. Involvement of p44/42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is inhibitory to the growth of many breast cancer cells in vitro; however, a high level of expression of IGFBP-3 in breast tumors correlates with poor prognosis, suggesting that IGFBP-3 may be associated with growth stimulation in some breast cancers. We have shown previously in MCF-10A breast epithelial cells that chronic activation of Ras-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase confers resistance to the growth-inhibitory effects of IGFBP-3 (Martin, J. L.