Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is reduced at 36 weeks' gestation in pregnancies destined to deliver small for gestational age infants.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein commonly used to screen for aneuploidy in pregnancy. This study measured circulating AFP in maternal plasma at 36 weeks' gestation preceding diagnosis of term preeclampsia or delivery of a small for gestational age infant (SGA; <10 % birthweight centile) in a case-cohort design (122 SGA; 23 preeclampsia; 182 controls). AFP was significantly reduced in SGA < 5th birthweight centile (n = 51; P = 0.

Challenges associated with dapsone for leprosy treatment in Indonesia - urgent need for access to alternative antimicrobial drugs.

Leprosy is effectively treated with multi-drug therapy (MDT), a regimen containing three antibiotic drugs, including dapsone - a sulfone drug associated with potentially life-threatening adverse drug reactions. Specifically, dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS), linked to HLA-B∗13:01 polymorphism, and hemolytic anemia associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd). Both of these pharmacogenetic polymorphisms can be prevented through diagnostic screening before MDT initiation averting potential complications.

Endangered Przewalski's Horse, , Cloned from Historically Cryopreserved Cells.

Cloning from historically cryopreserved cells offers a potential means to restore lost genetic variation or increase the representation of particular lineages within bottlenecked species, provided such biobanked materials are archived for such genetic rescue applications. One species for which cloning can provide genetic management benefits is Przewalski's horse, . All ~1800 living Przewalski's horses, distributed across ex situ breeding facilities and in situ reintroduction sites, are descended from one or more of the five founder lineages established by the 12 horses captured from the wild between 1898 and 1947.

Button Battery Ingestion: Exploring Socioeconomic Risk Factors.

Objective: Examine the demographic and social determinants of health linked to pediatric esophageal foreign body removals, with an emphasis on button battery ingestions.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed on pediatric patients who underwent operative removal of a foreign body from the esophagus (Current Procedural Terminologies [CPTs] 43215, 43194).

Setting: The study was conducted across four hospitals from November 2010 to December 2023.

Mitochondrial damage in muscle specific PolG mutant mice activates the integrated stress response and disrupts the mitochondrial folate cycle.

During mitochondrial damage, information is relayed between the mitochondria and nucleus to coordinate precise responses to preserve cellular health. One such pathway is the mitochondrial integrated stress response (mtISR), which is known to be activated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. However, the causal molecular signals responsible for activation of the mtISR remain mostly unknown.