Borrelia burgdorferi Infection-Induced Persistent IgM Secretion Controls Bacteremia, but Not Bacterial Dissemination or Tissue Burden.

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease in humans. In small rodents, the natural reservoir species of this spirochete, infections lead to only modest disease manifestations, despite causing persistence infection. Although B cell responses are central for controlling bacterial tissue burden and disease manifestations, they lack classical aspects of T-dependent responses, such as sustained IgG affinity maturation and longevity, corresponding with a rapid collapse of germinal centers.

Overview of Inhaled Nanopharmaceuticals.

Nanopharmaceuticals represent a group of nanoparticles engineered for medical purposes. Nowadays, nanotechnology offers several possibilities to improve the safety and efficacy of medicines by designing advanced carrier systems which have been found to offer particular advantages when formulated in the nanoscale. Some of the initially marketed nano-formulations already demonstrate advantages over conventional formulations.

Mouthpart Ecomorphology and Predatory Behaviour in Selected Rove Beetles of the "Staphylinine Group" (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae, Paederinae).

The representatives of the megadiverse rove beetle subfamilies Paederinae and Staphylininae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are considered generalist predators, although their exact prey-capture behaviour and performance and possible links to mouthpart morphology have rarely been described. Here, we examine these relationships for selected species by SEM analyses of mouthparts and front legs and highspeed videography of prey-capture behaviour. We describe the observed behaviours and structural properties and quantify relationships between prey type, mouthpart morphology, and predatory performance based on morphometric measurements of both the shape and lever properties of the mandible.

Preparation of maltodextrin nanoparticles and encapsulation of bovine serum albumin - Influence of formulation parameters.

Maltodextrin, which is obtained by partial hydrolysis of starch, is water soluble and could serve as hydrophilic carrier for the encapsulation of protein-based active pharmaceutical ingredients. We investigated three different commercial maltodextrins (Dextrose Equivalents (DE) 4.0-7.

Co-culture of human alveolar epithelial (hAELVi) and macrophage (THP-1) cell lines.

The air-blood barrier is mainly composed of alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. Whereas the epithelium acts as a diffusional barrier, macrophages represent an immunological barrier, in particular for larger molecules and nanoparticles. This paper describes a new co-culture of human cell lines representing both cell types.