Kinking, coiling and diameters of vertebral artery first segment and their relationships to sex and side.

Recent information on tortuosity in the prevertebral (V1) segment of the vertebral artery is based on case reports rather than systematic data on its presence, types, diameters, and sex- or left-right differences.

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries diameters and their interrelationships to sex and left/right side.

Background: The available anatomical data about diameters of inflow vessels to the circle of Willis reflect various diagnostic and imaging methods used, sample sizes, levels of measurements, and lack of possible specific ethnic, regional or genetic data. Additionally, the data are often without distinctions about left-right or sex.

Materials And Methods: Therefore, using computed tomography angiography (CTA) we investigated diameters of internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries in 70 adult persons (28-75 years) of both sexes (34 males and 36 females), at predefined cervical parts of ICA (2 cm above carotid bifurcation) and of VA (5 mm before VA penetrated the dura).

Sex and level differences in the diameters of extradural segment of vertebral artery: computed tomography angiographic study.

Background: We investigated diameters of prevertebral - V1, and atlantic - V3 parts of extradural segment of vertebral artery (VA). Variable results from the literaturę about VA diameters reflect variety of diagnostic and imaging methods, various sample sizes, different levels of measurements, and lack of possible specific ethnic, regional or genetic data. Additionally, the data are often without distinctions of left-right or of sex.

Variability of the vertebral artery origin and transverse foramen entrance level - CT angiographic study.

Background: Vertebral artery (VA), the main element of the posterior brain circulation, has many anatomical variations which generally were widely investigated. However, available data vary in wide ranges, reflecting very different sample sizes, lack of data about left-right or sex differences, and about possible ethnic, regionally specific or genetic differences.

Materials And Methods: Certain new findings suggest possible involvement of some environmental factors in VA variations.