Reappraisal of the anatomical diversities of the pyramidalis muscle with their potential clinical applicability: cadaveric analysis.

Introduction: The present study examined the morphology and morphometric parameters of the pyramidalis muscle (PM) in detail with their potential applicability in making midline infra-umbilical incisions and biomechanics of the linea alba.

Methods: PM was examined in 51 formalin-fixed cadavers (36 males and 15 females), and based on the mode of insertion or the level of apex, the formation or shape of the muscle was classified into nine types (Mori's classification).

Results: Bilateral PM was more prevalent (39.

Anatomical relationship of pterygoid process pneumatization and vidian canal.

Introduction: The vidian canal acts as landmark for the identification of the petrous carotid artery, especially during extended endoscopic endonasal approaches in cranial base surgeries. In order to localize the canal and to understand the relationship of pneumatization of pterygoid process to the type of vidian canal, this study was designed.

Objectives: The objective was to describe the anatomical relationship of pneumatization of the pterygoid process with types of vidian canal.

Assessment of changes in insulin requirement in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus on maintenance hemodialysis.

Background: Hemodialysis improves insulin sensitivity. Currently, there is no recommendation for the adjustment of insulin dose on dialysis day and nondialysis day in diabetic patients. This study was undertaken to determine the variations in insulin requirement based on blood glucose levels on dialysis days and nondialysis days in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis.

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some new fluorine containing hydroxypyrazolines as potential anticancer and antioxidant agents.

Breast cancer is probably the most prevalent cancer in women. The development of resistance to therapeutic agents and lack of targeted therapy for breast cancer cells provide motivation to identify new compounds for the treatment. With this objective in mind, a new series of 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl group based 1,3,5-trisubstituted aryl-5-hydroxypyrazoline analogues 4a-l was synthesized through multi-step reaction sequence.