SPEI and SPI correlation in the study of drought phenomena in Umbria region (central Italy).

This study aims to analyze the performances and correlation of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) from the perspective of supplying effective indicators for drought risk management prevention. Indices have been evaluated using long time series of precipitation and temperature data (from 1961 to 2020) gauged and validated in the land monitoring system of the Umbria region (central Italy). Results show how SPEI can evaluate better the drought phenomena, both in terms of occurred events and in terms of trends.

Red raspberry () preserves intestinal barrier integrity and reduces oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells exposed to a proinflammatory stimulus.

Growing evidence showed the capacity of (poly)phenols to exert a protective role on intestinal health. Nevertheless, the existing findings are still heterogeneous and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the potential benefits of a red raspberry () powder on the integrity of the intestinal barrier, focusing on its ability to mitigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced intestinal permeability.

A chiral trimethyl lock based on the disubstituent effect: prolonged release of camptothecin into cancer cells.

Synthesis and testing of a prodrug designed for the controlled delivery of the anticancer drug camptothecin within pancreatic cancer cells are reported. Our study reveals a non-conventional pharmacokinetic release characterized by an exponential pattern before reaching the half-life () and a linear pattern thereafter. The release mechanism was triggered either by hydrolytic enzymes and/or by the acid microenvironment of cancer cells.

Development and machine learning-based calibration of low-cost multiparametric stations for the measurement of CO and CH in air.

The pressing issue of atmospheric pollution has prompted the exploration of affordable methods for measuring and monitoring air contaminants as complementary techniques to standard methods, able to produce high-density data in time and space. The main challenge of this low-cost approach regards the in-field accuracy and reliability of the sensors. This study presents the development of low-cost stations for high-time resolution measurements of CO and CH concentrations calibrated via an in-field machine learning-based method.

Soil processes modify the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from CO- and CH-dominated geogenic and landfill gases: A comprehensive study.

Degradation mechanisms affecting non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during gas uprising from different hypogenic sources to the surface were investigated through extensive sampling surveys in areas encompassing a high enthalpy hydrothermal system associated with active volcanism, a CH-rich sedimentary basin and a municipal waste landfill. For a comprehensive framework, published data from medium-to-high enthalpy hydrothermal systems were also included. The investigated systems were characterised by peculiar VOC suites that reflected the conditions of the genetic environments in which temperature, contents of organic matter, and gas fugacity had a major role.