Toward expert-level medical question answering with large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical question answering, with Med-PaLM being the first to exceed a 'passing' score in United States Medical Licensing Examination style questions. However, challenges remain in long-form medical question answering and handling real-world workflows. Here, we present Med-PaLM 2, which bridges these gaps with a combination of base LLM improvements, medical domain fine-tuning and new strategies for improving reasoning and grounding through ensemble refinement and chain of retrieval.

Machine learning-enhanced detection of chlorpyrifos using molecularly imprinted polymer-coated optical fibers.

This paper explores the use of large core declad optical fibers coated with molecularly imprinted polymers for chlorpyrifos detection, a key marker of organophosphate pesticides. The performance of sensor is evaluated using artificial neural networks and principal component analysis. By varying the declad length, the performance of molecularly imprinted polymer-coated fibers is compared to uncoated fibers, and both are used to identify commercial and pure samples of chlorpyrifos pesticides.

Case studies in heritable vascular disease: Proceedings of the UTHealth Houston Multidisciplinary Aortic Conference.

Heritable thoracic aortic disease is caused by dominantly inherited mutations in more than a dozen genes, including mutations that cause Loeys-Dietz syndrome. McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston convenes a regular conference that includes cardiothoracic and vascular surgeons, cardiologists, geneticists, radiologists, and pathologists to formulate multidisciplinary approaches for the management of complex heritable thoracic aortic disease cases. In this report, we highlight the unique management of individuals with distinct presentations of Loeys-Dietz syndrome owing to mutations.

Effect of low-level laser therapy on proliferation and cytotoxicity of mouse fibroblasts and human fibroblasts: An study.

Background: Diode laser is known for its biostimulatory effects on various cell populations such as osteoblasts and fibroblasts. The usage of low-level laser therapy for photobiomodulation depends on its type, emission wavelength, and energy selected. Previously performed studies have determined its effect on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity; however, the results were inconsistent.

The impact of Asian-Indian criteria for higher body mass index and preservative solutions on haemolysis of stored red blood cells: A prospective observational study.

Introduction: The quality of packed red blood cells (PRBC) is influenced by various factors such as the collection and processing method, storage conditions, type of bag materials used, anticoagulant properties, and donor characteristics. Studies have indicated that haemolysis in stored RBC bags is linked to male sex, older age, high haemoglobin count, and increased body mass index (BMI). The study's primary objective was to investigate whether a high BMI, as per Asian Pacific criteria among donors, is associated with an elevated haemolysis rate in stored RBC.