Facial nerve regeneration after facial allotransplantation: A longitudinal clinical and electromyographic follow-up of lip movements during speech.

Introduction: Facial allotransplantation constitutes a reconstructive option after extensive damage to facial structures. Functional recovery has been reported but remains an issue.

Case Report - Methods: A patient underwent facial allotransplantation after a ballistic injury with extensive facial tissue damage.

When will a stuttering moment occur? The determining role of speech motor preparation.

The present study aimed to evaluate whether increased activity related to speech motor preparation preceding fluently produced words reflects a successful compensation strategy in stuttering. For this purpose, a contingent negative variation (CNV) was evoked during a picture naming task and measured by use of electro-encephalography. A CNV is a slow, negative event-related potential known to reflect motor preparation generated by the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (BGTC) - loop.

A comparative study of screening instruments and biomarkers for the detection of cannabis use.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of 3 different screening instruments (questionnaires) for the detection of cannabis use (CU) with biological markers in blood and hair.

Methods: Ninety-four students were recruited in October 2013. Participants filled out the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), the CAGE-AID ("Cut down Annoyed Guilty Eye-opener"-Adapted to Include Drugs), and ProbCannabis-DT questionnaires concerning their possible CU.

Subthalamic nucleus stimulation and spontaneous language production in Parkinson's disease: A double laterality problem.

Background: Asymmetric degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, are characteristic for Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite the lateralized representation of language, the correlation of asymmetric degeneration of nigrostriatal networks in PD with language performance has scarcely been examined.

Objective/hypothesis: The laterality of dopamine depletion influences language deficits in PD and thus modulates the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation on language production.

Increased motor preparation activity during fluent single word production in DS: A correlate for stuttering frequency and severity.

Abnormal speech motor preparation is suggested to be a neural characteristic of stuttering. One of the neurophysiological substrates of motor preparation is the contingent negative variation (CNV). The CNV is an event-related, slow negative potential that occurs between two defined stimuli.