The Cryptic Bacterial Microproteome.

Microproteins encoded by small open reading frames (smORFs) comprise the "dark matter" of proteomes. Although functional microproteins were identified in diverse organisms from all three domains of life, bacterial smORFs remain poorly characterized. In this comprehensive study of intergenic smORFs (ismORFs, 15-70 codons) in 5,668 bacterial genomes of the family Enterobacteriaceae, we identified 67,297 clusters of ismORFs subject to purifying selection.

Comparative analysis and classification of highly divergent mouse rDNA units based on their intergenic spacer (IGS) variability.

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat units are organized into tandem clusters in eukaryotic cells. In mice, these clusters are located on at least eight chromosomes and show extensive variation in the number of repeats between mouse genomes. To analyze intra- and inter-genomic variation of mouse rDNA repeats, we selectively isolated 25 individual rDNA units using Transformation-Associated Recombination (TAR) cloning.

Comparison of vaccination and booster rates and their impact on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of vaccination/booster administration dynamics on the reduction of excess mortality during COVID-19 infection waves in European countries.

Methods: We selected twenty-nine countries from the OurWorldInData project database according to their population size of more than one million and the availability of information on dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants during COVID-19 infection waves. After selection, we categorized countries according to their "faster" or "slower" vaccination rates.

Comparison of Vaccination and Booster Rates and Their Impact on Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Countries.

Aim To evaluate the effect of vaccination/booster administration dynamics on the reduction of excess mortality during COVID-19 infection waves in European countries. Methods We selected twenty-nine countries from the OurWorldInData project database according to their population size of more than one million and the availability of information on dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants during COVID-19 infection waves. After selection, we categorized countries according to their ″faster″ or ″slower″ vaccination rates.