Biomarkers.

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular spaces index (DTI-ALPS), which measures diffusivity increases in the perivascular spaces along the medullary veins, is being increasingly utilized as a surrogate marker of glymphatic clearance (Taoka et. al. Jpn J Radio 2017).

Biomarkers.

Background: Quantifying white matter using diffusion MRI (dMRI) has been proposed for measuring early microstructural tissue changes due to cerebral small vessel disease and aid in quantifying vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Our goal was to compare the usefulness of longitudinal white matter changes in the commonly available diffusion MRI measures for VCID prevention trials.

Method: We included 718 participants over 50 years of age (mean age: 71.

Biomarkers.

Background: There has been a recent proliferation of various quantities based on single shell Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) for capturing overall cerebrovascular health, especially Small Vessel Disease (SVD) as a single number. The existing literature has gaps in the comparison of these measures, so we evaluated them as predictors of both current and future White Matter Hyperintensity (WMH) as a proxy of SVD.

Method: Using baseline 3T MRI examinations (T1, DTI, FLAIR scans) of 598 participants (>60 years, amyloid negative, to limit to those on the SVD pathway) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, we calculated five summary DTI quantities with varying degree of complexity.

Biomarkers.

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) frequently co-occurs with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies, exacerbating disease progression. Biophysical models of diffusion imaging data, such as Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), may reveal novel insights into the neurobiological substrates of AD on cortical and white matter microstructural injury.

Method: A cohort of 57 DLB patients on the DLB spectrum (33 clinically probable DLB and 14 prodromal DLB) and 57 cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls underwent NODDI and PET imaging with [F]-Flortaucipir and [C]-PiB (Table 1).

Biomarkers.

Background: Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are often comorbid with Alzheimer's disease and increase the risk of dementia. Blood-based biomarkers may be promising for identifying individuals at high risk for VCID due to small vessel disease (SVD).

Method: We included 1709 participants from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who had concurrent MRI, plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) measured on the HD-X Simoa Quanterix platform, and clinical dementia rating scale (CDR).