Rethinking the residual approach: leveraging statistical learning to operationalize cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease.

Cognitive resilience (CR) describes the phenomenon of individuals evading cognitive decline despite prominent Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Operationalization and measurement of this latent construct is non-trivial as it cannot be directly observed. The residual approach has been widely applied to estimate CR, where the degree of resilience is estimated through a linear model's residuals.

Distinguishing benign and malignant myxoid soft tissue tumors: Performance of radiomics vs. radiologists.

Introduction: Benign and malignant myxoid soft tissue tumors have shared clinical, imaging, and histologic features that can make diagnosis challenging. The purpose of this study is comparison of the diagnostic performance of a radiomic based machine learning (ML) model to musculoskeletal radiologists.

Methods: Manual segmentation of 90 myxoid soft tissue tumors (45 myxomas and 45 myxofibrosarcomas) was performed on axial T1, and T2FS or STIR magnetic resonance imaging sequences.

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Supplementation in Adult Horses Supports Improved Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Gene Expression Following Exercise.

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a sulfur-containing molecule with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Exercise causes the formation of free radicals and stimulates inflammatory gene expression in leukocytes and skeletal muscle. The hypothesis that dietary supplementation with MSM alters the exercise-mediated inflammatory and oxidant response was assessed in unfit adult thoroughbred geldings.

Determining patient activity goals and their fulfillment following total knee arthroplasty: Findings from the prospective, observational SuPeR Knee study.

Background: Dissatisfaction with Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) surgical outcomes remains between 10-20% and is associated with higher levels of societal costs. Expectations regarding post-surgical outcomes is considered as one of the major factors influencing satisfaction, however, there are no standardised methods for assessing patient's expectations regarding activities to be achieved following surgery.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify patient expectations relating to activities of importance following TKA and to describe goal fulfillment at 3 months post-TKA.

Pollination efficiency and the evolution of sex allocation - diminishing returns matter.

Immobility of flowering plants requires them to engage pollen vectors to outcross, introducing considerable inefficiency in the conversion of pollen production into sired seeds. Whether inefficiencies influence the evolution of the relative resource allocation to female and male functions has been debated for more than 40 years. Whereas early models suggested no effect, negative interspecific relations of mean pollen production and pollen : ovule ratios to the proportion of removed pollen that is exported to stigmas (pollen-transfer efficiency) indicate otherwise.