Two-Layer Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Low-Resource Medical Question Answering Using Reddit Data: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: The increasing use of social media to share lived and living experiences of substance use presents a unique opportunity to obtain information on side effects, use patterns, and opinions on novel psychoactive substances. However, due to the large volume of data, obtaining useful insights through natural language processing technologies such as large language models is challenging.

Objective: This paper aims to develop a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture for medical question answering pertaining to clinicians' queries on emerging issues associated with health-related topics, using user-generated medical information on social media.

Early markers of baked milk and egg tolerance in young children with IgE-mediated immediate reactions.

Children with milk and egg allergies have outcomes in which, three-quarters are tolerant to baked forms of the allergenic food. Identifying predictors of tolerance to baked foods for IgE-mediated immediate-type reactions may guide the early introduction of baked allergens to diet and tolerance development. This study explores factors associated with early tolerance to baked foods.

POP-REFINE: A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating and Optimizing Representativeness in Clinical Trials.

Clinical research has historically failed to include representative levels of historically underrepresented populations and these inequities continue to persist. Ensuring representativeness in clinical trials is crucial for patients to receive clinically appropriate treatment and have equitable access to novel therapies; enhancing the generalizability of study results; and reducing the need for post-marketing commitments focused on underrepresented groups. As demonstrated by recent legislation and guidance documents, regulatory agencies have shown an increased interest in understanding how novel therapies will impact the patient population that will receive them.

An AMP-activated protein kinase-PGC-1α axis mediates metabolic plasticity in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma, the most frequent primary malignant brain tumour in adults, is characterised by profound yet dynamic hypoxia and nutrient depletion. To sustain survival and proliferation, tumour cells are compelled to acquire metabolic plasticity with the induction of adaptive metabolic programs. Here, we interrogated the pathways necessary to enable processing of nutrients other than glucose.