Influenza A virus in dairy cattle: infection biology and potential mammary gland-targeted vaccines.

Influenza, a major "One Health" threat, has gained heightened attention following recent reports of highly pathogenic avian influenza in dairy cattle and cow-to-human transmission in the USA. This review explores general aspects of influenza A virus (IAV) biology, its interactions with mammalian hosts, and discusses the key considerations for developing vaccines to prevent or curtail IAV infection in the bovine mammary gland and its spread through milk.

Solvent extraction of Ac-225 in nano-layer coated, solvent resistant PDMS microfluidic chips.

Separating medical radionuclides from their targets is one of the most critical steps in radiopharmaceutical production. Among many separation methods, solvent extraction has a lot of potential due to its simplicity, high selectivity, and high efficiency. Especially with the rise of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips, this extraction process can take place in a simple and reproducible chip platform continuously and automatically.

The computational perspective: A catalyst for research questions in cognitive neuroscience?

Where do novel research questions come from? We suggest that identifying key computational problems and comparing solutions across domains can be one source. We exemplify this by looking at perception and action and outline how findings from one domain may generate novel research avenues in the other.

Uptake and translocation of pesticides in pepper and tomato plants.

Background: In this study, field and greenhouse experiments were done with spray application of the insecticides acetamiprid, indoxacarb, deltamethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole on pepper and tomato plants. Results were interpreted with numerical modeling.

Results: Observed fruit concentration dynamics could be described overall well by modeling.

Modulation of stress-related behaviour by preproglucagon neurons and hypothalamic projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Stress-induced behaviours are driven by complex neural circuits and some neuronal populations concurrently modulate diverse behavioural and physiological responses to stress. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing preproglucagon (PPG) neurons within the lower brainstem caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) are particularly sensitive to stressful stimuli and are implicated in multiple physiological and behavioural responses to interoceptive and psychogenic threats. However, the afferent inputs driving stress-induced activation of PPG neurons are largely unknown, and the role of PPG neurons in anxiety-like behaviour is controversial.