Functional reorganization of brain regions supporting artificial grammar learning across the first half year of life.

Pre-babbling infants can track nonadjacent dependencies (NADs) in the auditory domain. While this forms a crucial prerequisite for language acquisition, the neurodevelopmental origins of this ability remain unknown. We applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neonates and 6- to 7-month-old infants to investigate the neural substrate supporting NAD learning and detection using tone sequences in an artificial grammar learning paradigm.

Coffee and Cases (C&C) - Enhancing Knowledge Creation and Sharing for Organizational Learning From Clinical Debriefs in a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service: A Quality Improvement Study.

Objectives: The objective of this quality improvement (QI) study was to improve organizational learning from clinical debriefs known as "Coffee and Cases" (C&C) in a helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) by increasing weekly learning summaries (LS) and documented learning points (DLP) as well as the dissemination thereof by at least 50% from baseline.

Methods: The problem analysis for sub-optimal organizational learning from C&C identified several factors, including lack of responsibility, poor documentation quality, and limited sharing of learning points. Using the Model for Improvement (MFI), interventions enhanced the learning environment, and improved documentation and dissemination.

Seeds of language-like generativity in bird call combinations.

Language is unbounded in its generativity, enabling the flexible combination of words into novel sentences. Critically, these constructions are intelligible to others due to our ability to derive a sentence's compositional meaning from the semantic relationships among its components. Some animals also concatenate meaningful calls into compositional-like combinations to communicate more complex information.

Uridylation regulates mRNA decay directionality in fission yeast.

Cytoplasmic mRNA decay is effected by exonucleolytic degradation in either the 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction. Pervasive terminal uridylation is implicated in mRNA degradation, however, its functional relevance for bulk mRNA turnover remains poorly understood. In this study, we employ genome-wide 3'-RACE (gw3'-RACE) in the model system fission yeast to elucidate the role of uridylation in mRNA turnover.