Low pH Means More Female Offspring: A Multigenerational Plasticity in the Sex Ratio of Marine Bivalves.

Global changes can profoundly affect the sex determination and reproductive output of marine organisms, disrupting the population structure and ecosystems. High COdriven low pH in the context of ocean acidification (OA) has been shown to severely affect various calcifiers, but less is known about the extent to which low pH influences sex determination and reproduction of marine organisms, particularly mollusks. This study is the first to report a biased sex ratio over multiple generations toward females, driven by exposure to high CO-induced low pH environments, using the ecologically and economically important Portuguese oyster () as a model.

[Impact of epilepsy on personal and professional life].

IMPACT OF EPILEPSY ON PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL LIFE. Epilepsy is more than the occurrence of seizures and their direct consequences. Epilepsy is a chronic, often ostracizing disease, which has repercussions in many areas, both personal and professional.

[Epilepsy definitions, classifications, and epidemiology].

EPILEPSY DEFINITIONS, CLASSIFICATIONS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY. Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease in the world and the second most common in France. It is defined by the occurrence of 2 unprovoked (or reflex) epileptic seizures more than 24 hours apart, or by the occurrence of an unprovoked (or reflex) epileptic seizure with a recurrence probability of at least 60%.