Polymicrobial consortia in the pathogenesis of biofilm vaginosis visualized by FISH. Historic review outlining the basic principles of the polymicrobial infection theory.

The manuscript disputes the exclusive mono-infectious way of thinking, which presumes that for every infection only one pathogen is responsible and sufficient, when infectious vectors, close contact and reduced immunity meet. In situations involving heavily colonized anatomical sites such an approach often ends in insoluble contradictions. Upon critical reflection and evaluation of 20 years research on spatial organization of vaginal microbiota it is apparent, that in some situations, pathogens may act and operate in permanent, structurally organized consortia, whereas its individual components may be innocuous and innocent, failing to express any pathogenic effect.

Bacterial Vaginosis: Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/028, June 2023).

This official guideline was coordinated and published by the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG with the involvement of additional professional societies. The aim of the guideline is to evaluate the relevant literature and use it to provide a consensus-based overview of the diagnosis and management of bacterial vaginosis. This S2k-guideline was developed by representative members from different medical professional societies on behalf of the guidelines commission of the above-listed societies using a structured consensus process.

Bacterial Vaginosis-Vaginal Polymicrobial Biofilms and Dysbiosis.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common genital disease worldwide in women of sexually active age, with a prevalence of 23-29%. Its traditional definition as dysbiosis, i.e.

Clue Cells and Pseudo Clue Cells in Different Morphotypes of Bacterial Vaginosis.

Introduction: Clue cells (epithelial cells heavily covered with adherent bacteria) are an accepted clue to the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. However, the exact morphologic criteria of clue cells and bacterial adherence were never elaborated.

Materials And Methods: We investigated adhesive and cohesive patterns of main microbiota groups in vaginal discharge using fluorescence hybridization (FISH).

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microbiota in Bacterial Vaginosis Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization.

Background: Testing of antibiotic resistance of intact vaginal microbiota in pure culture is not feasible.

Methods: Metronidazole, antiseptic octenisept, antimycotic ciclopirox, bacterial probiotic , yeast probiotic -phage-endolysin named phagolysin and phagolysin in combination with probiotics were tested for bacteriolytic activity. Included were vaginal swabs from 38 random women with Amsel-confirmed bacterial vaginosis (BV).