Extracellular Vesicles and Their Applications in Tumor Diagnostics and Immunotherapy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that have attracted significant attention in the investigation of human health and disease, including cancer biology and its clinical management. Concerning cancer, EVs have been shown to influence numerous aspects of oncogenesis, including tumor proliferation and metastasis. EVs can augment the immune system and have been implicated in virtually all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity.

A Signature of Pre-Operative Biomarkers of Cellular Senescence to Predict Risk of Cardiac and Kidney Adverse Events after Cardiac Surgery.

Importance: Improved pre-operative risk stratification methods are needed for targeted risk mitigation and optimization of care pathways for cardiac patients. This is the first report demonstrating pre-operative, aging-related biomarkers of cellular senescence and immune system function can predict risk of common and serious cardiac surgery-related adverse events.

Design: Multi-center 331-patient cohort study that enrolled patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafing (CABG) surgery with 30-day follow-up.

Real-World Experience With Cemiplimab in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer in Canada. However, few real-world reports exist on the treatment of refractory locally advanced (LA) and metastatic cSCC with cemiplimab to date.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize the demographic and clinical outcomes of advanced cSCC patients on cemiplimab in a real-world setting.

Assessment of serum tumor markers CEA, CA-125, and CA19-9 as adjuncts in non-small cell lung cancer management.

Conventional tumor markers may serve as adjuncts in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management. This study analyzed whether three tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, and CA-125) held associations with radiographic and clinical outcomes in NSCLC. It constituted a single-center study of NSCLC patients treated with systemic therapy at the London Regional Cancer Program.

State-Of-The-Art Advancements on Cancer Vaccines and Biomarkers.

The origins of cancer vaccines date back to the 1800s. Since then, there have been significant efforts to generate vaccines against solid and hematologic malignancies using a variety of platforms. To date, these efforts have generally been met with minimal success.