An Elevated mRNA Combined with Lower mRNA Level in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Peripheral Blood.

We aimed to investigate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes , , , , and immunoregulatory genes , , and in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level. The total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to perform TaqMan-based assays to quantify mRNAs from 8 target genes.

Navigating the Cytokine Seas: Targeting Cytokine Signaling Pathways in Cancer Therapy.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating continuous efforts to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Over the years, advancements in our understanding of the complex interplay between the immune system and cancer cells have led to the development of immunotherapies that revolutionize cancer treatment. Cytokines, as key regulators of the immune response, are involved in both the initiation and progression of cancer by affecting inflammation and manipulating multiple intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, proliferation, and migration.

Influence of and Promoter Polymorphisms on Serum Cytokine Levels in Development and Severity of RA.

In our study, we focused on the role of the immunosuppressive cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-10 in RA and, in particular, the influence of the -1082 A/G (rs1800896) and -509C/T (rs1800469) promoter polymorphisms on their levels as a prerequisite for RA and disease activity clinical features. We found significantly higher IL-10 and lower TGF-β1 serum levels in women with RA than in controls. Patients who carried the -1082AA and AG genotypes had significantly higher levels of lnIL-10 compared to GG in contrast to healthy women carrying the same genotypes.

Prevalence of Sensu Lato in Ticks Collected from Kaylaka Park in Pleven, Bulgaria.

We aimed to determine the presence and distribution of sensu lato (s.l.) in ticks collected from urbanized and wild areas in Kaylaka Park (Bulgaria).

Genetic variation of as a protective genotype for the development of colorectal cancer in men.

Background: The role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, including both the cytokine and their receptors, in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been of particular interest lately.

Aim: To investigate the association between promoter polymorphism in TGF-β receptor 2 TGF-ΒR2GA with a CRC risk in a cohort of Bulgarian patients using a case-control gene association study approach, as well as the protein levels of TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood.

Methods: A cohort of 184 CRC patients and 307 sex and age-matched healthy subjects were recruited in the study.