CSF synaptic biomarkers and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience various degrees of cognitive impairment (CI). Synaptic dysfunction may contribute to CI in PwMS but cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptic biomarkers are unexplored in MS.

Objective: To assess the role of CSF synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), β-synuclein, neurogranin and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) in patients with early relapsing MS with and without CI.

Trends and determinants of time spent in the emergency department among Australian hospital presenting self-harm cases.

Aims: Waiting time (WT) and length of stay (LOS) are important metrics used to assess service delivery in emergency departments (EDs), and have been associated with subsequent re-presentations in EDs. This study investigated socio-demographic and health service determinants of WT and LOS among hospital treated self-harm (SH) cases presenting to EDs in Australian based hospitals.

Methods: This study employed a retrospective cohort study of all SH cases (N = 6203) presenting to public hospital EDs in the Western Sydney catchment area from January 2016 to December 2022.

Psychological distress and trajectories of sleep duration among Australian adolescents: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: This study investigated the association between indicators of psychological distress and well-being and trajectories of sleep duration among a cohort of Australian adolescents.

Design: A prospective cohort of adolescents was followed over 27 weeks (8 November 2019-14 May 2020). Data on sleep duration and psychological distress were collected via smartphones, based on ecological momentary assessments.

Trajectories in mammographic breast screening participation in middle-age overweight and obese women: A retrospective cohort study using linked data.

Objectives: Despite the established benefits and availability of mammographic breast screening, participation rates remain suboptimal. Women with higher BMIs may not screen regularly, despite being at increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer and worse outcomes. This study investigated the association between prospective changes in BMI and longitudinal adherence to mammographic screening among women with overweight or obesity.

Discrimination based on gender identity against transgender women and travestis in Brazil: a latent class analysis and associated factors.

Objective: To identify groups of transgender women and travestis (TGW) with specific patterns of gender-based discrimination (GBD) and analyze the factors associated with GBD.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with TGW recruited through respondent-driven sampling in five Brazilian cities (2019-2021). Latent class analysis was used to characterize GBD (low, medium, and high) using 14 observable variables.