A randomized controlled trial of Native CHOICES: Impact on alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk reduction among American Indian and Alaska Native women.

Background: Prevention of alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) involves reducing risky alcohol consumption among women at-risk for pregnancy, using effective contraception among women drinking at risky levels to prevent pregnancy, or both. This study presents the outcomes of a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of Native CHOICES, a culturally tailored adaptation of the CHOICES intervention, among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women.

Methods: AI/AN women aged 18-44 who were at-risk for an AEP were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the Native CHOICES intervention or a waitlist control group.

Irradiated whole cell Chlamydia vaccine confers significant protection in a murine genital tract challenge model.

Chlamydia trachomatis infections are the most common bacterial STIs globally and can lead to serious morbidity if untreated. Development of a killed, whole-cell vaccine has been stymied by coincident epitope destruction during inactivation. Here, we present a prototype Chlamydia vaccine composed of elementary bodies (EBs) from the related mouse pathogen, Chlamydia muridarum (Cm).

Creating a biomedical knowledge base by addressing GPT inaccurate responses and benchmarking context.

We created GNQA, a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) knowledge base driven by a performant retrieval augmented generation (RAG) with a focus on aging, dementia, Alzheimer's and diabetes. We uploaded a corpus of three thousand peer reviewed publications on these topics into the RAG. To address concerns about inaccurate responses and GPT 'hallucinations', we implemented a context provenance tracking mechanism that enables researchers to validate responses against the original material and to get references to the original papers.

Pangenome-Informed Language Models for Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Genome Sequence Generation.

The public availability of genome datasets, such as The Human Genome Project (HGP), The 1000 Genomes Project, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the International HapMap Project, has significantly advanced scientific research and medical understanding. Here our goal is to share such genomic information for downstream analysis while protecting the privacy of individuals through Differential Privacy (DP). We introduce synthetic DNA data generation based on pangenomes in combination with Pretrained-Language Models (PTLMs).

Shared neutrophil and T cell dysfunction is accompanied by a distinct interferon signature during severe febrile illnesses in children.

Severe febrile illnesses in children encompass life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by diverse pathogens and other severe inflammatory syndromes. A comparative approach to these illnesses may identify shared and distinct features of host immune dysfunction amenable to immunomodulation. Here, using immunophenotyping with mass cytometry and cell stimulation experiments, we illustrate trajectories of immune dysfunction in 74 children with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2, 30 with bacterial infection, 16 with viral infection, 8 with Kawasaki disease, and 42 controls.