Visual and anatomical failure of anti-VEGF therapy for retinal vascular diseases: a survival analysis of real-world data.

Importance: Predicting undesirable outcomes following anti-VEGF initiation in macular oedema is critical for effective clinical decision-making and optimised care.

Objective: To estimate the time to undesirable events in diabetic macular oedema (DMO), central and branch vein occlusions (CRVO and BRVO) after appropriate loading doses with either ranibizumab or aflibercept and identified baseline predictors of negative outcome.

Design, Setting, Participants: A retrospective cohort study of 3277 patients (N = 2107 in DMO, N = 413 in CRVO and N = 757 in BRVO) collected over a 10-year period, in a large UK tertiary centre.

Retinal morphology across the menstrual cycle: insights from the UK Biobank.

Oestradiol and progesterone levels are higher in menstruating women than men of the same age, and their receptors are present in their neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium. However, the impact of this hormonal environment on retinal physiology in women remains unclear. Using self-reported menstrual cycle phases as a surrogate for fluctuating hormonal levels, we investigated associations with retinovascular indices on colour fundus photograph and retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography across regularly menstruating women in the UK Biobank.

Intersession repeatability of visual function and OCTA metrics in eyes with diabetic macular ischaemia.

Objective: To estimate inter-session coefficient of repeatability (CR) of visual function and OCTA metrics over 3 months in diabetic macular ischaemia (DMI) in stable laser-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients.

Methods: This prospective study recruited patients with stable PDR for at least 6 months following pan-retinal photocoagulation with visual acuity of at least 54 ETDRS letters. DMI was confirmed on OCTA as FAZ area of at least 0.