The collective roots and rewards of upward educational mobility.

Drawing on in-depth interviews with descendants of North African working-class immigrants admitted to elite higher institutions in France, this paper investigates the under-researched role of family dynamics in facilitating upward educational mobility and informing the experience of social ascension. It shows that concrete mobility strategies, such as authoritative parenting and close mentorship from older siblings, have been deployed to enable the respondents' educational attainment. Moreover, a set of moral resources transmitted through stories about family-rooted aspirations and stories about post-migration hardships and sacrifices have contributed to forging strong motivational dispositions that have facilitated school success among the respondents.

Notalgia paresthetica associated with cervical spinal stenosis and cervicothoracic disk disease at C4 through C7.

Notalgia paresthetica (NP) is a common refractory, sensory, neuropathic syndrome with the hallmark symptom of localized pruritus of the unilateral infrascapular back. It generally is a chronic noncurable condition with periodic remissions and exacerbations. While the dermatologic syndrome may be multifactorial in etiology, a possible association with underlying cervical spine disease should be evaluated for proper treatment.

Persistent pancreatocutaneous fistula after percutaneous drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: role of cause and severity of pancreatitis.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between the cause and severity of pancreatitis and the development of persistent pancreatocutaneous fistula (PPCF) after percutaneous drainage of pancreatic fluid collections.

Materials And Methods: Sixty patients (44 male, 16 female; age range, 10-74 years) were included in the study. The cause of pancreatitis was postoperative in 29 patients, alcoholism in 20 patients, biliary in six patients, hyperlipidemia in two patients, unknown in two patients, and trauma in one patient.

Electrophysiologic effects of the new class III antiarrhythmic drug dofetilide compared to the class IA antiarrhythmic drug quinidine in experimental canine atrial flutter: role of dispersion of refractoriness in antiarrhythmic efficacy.

Introduction: Previous studies suggest that class III antiarrhythmic drugs are more effective in reentrant arrhythmias because they prolong refractoriness (ERP) and wavelength and reduce dispersion of refractoriness compared to Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs, which slow conduction velocity (CV) in addition to their effects on refractoriness.

Methods And Results: To test this hypothesis, the Class III drug dofetilide and the Class IA drug quinidine were studied in the experimental canine crush-injury model of atrial flutter, utilizing right atrial multipoint programmed stimulation and activation mapping. In seven dogs dofetilide prolonged ERP by 23%, slowed CV by 9% at 200-msec cycle length (P < 0.

Association between quantitative nerve fiber layer measurement and visual field loss in glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between quantitative nerve fiber layer measurements and visual field loss in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: Quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer measurements were obtained in 53 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma by using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cross-section area) and confocal scanning laser polarimetry (retardation ratio). For each eye, three images were obtained with each instrument.