The risk of premature cardiac contractions (PAC/PVC) related to caffeine consumption among healthcare workers: A comprehensive review.

Background And Aims: Premature atrial contractions (PACs) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are ectopic heart rhythm disorders with implications for cardiovascular health. This study explores the relationship between caffeine consumption and the risk of PACs and PVCs, with a focus on healthcare workers, such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and midwives, who often rely on caffeine to combat fatigue, especially during night shifts.

Methods: A thorough review was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, utilizing a combination of MeSH terms and keywords.

Population Pharmacokinetics of an Indian F(ab')2 Snake Antivenom in Patients with Russell's Viper (Daboia russelii) Bites.

Background: There is limited information on antivenom pharmacokinetics. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of an Indian snake antivenom in humans with Russell's viper bites.

Methods/principal Findings: Patient data and serial blood samples were collected from patients with Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) envenoming in Sri Lanka.

Prevalence of classical phenylketonuria in mentally retarded individuals in Iran.

Using Guthrie Biological Inhibition Assay, 4963 mentally retarded individuals housed in 31 cities and towns across the country were screened for PKU. The average prevalence of classical PKU in the study population was 2.1%, which is higher than that reported for most mentally retarded populations in other countries prior to the implementation of a nationwide newborn screening programme for PKU.

Testicular leydig cell hyperplasia as a cause of familial sexual precocity.

Testicular Leydig cell hyperplasia was observed in two brothers presenting with progressive sexual precocity at 2 yr of age. Virilization was shown to result from increased secretion rather than decreased clearance of gonadal testosterone. Testosterone hypersecretion appeared to be gonadotropin independent, as basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced serum LH concentrations were low by both RIA and bioassay.