Identifying the Brain Circuits that Regulate Pain-Induced Sleep Disturbances.

Pain therapies that alleviate both pain and sleep disturbances may be the most effective for pain relief, as both chronic pain and sleep loss render the opioidergic system, targeted by opioids, less sensitive and effective for analgesia. Therefore, we first studied the link between sleep disturbances and the activation of nociceptors in two acute pain models. Activation of nociceptors in both acute inflammatory (AIP) and opto-pain models led to sleep loss, decreased sleep spindle density, and increased sleep fragmentation that lasted 3 to 6 hours.

Hemi-Fibular Grafting for Metacarpal Giant Cell Tumor - Surgical Technique.

Introduction: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of small bones of hand is no so uncommon, especially in the metacarpals. Considering the aggressive behavior in the metacarpals, en bloc resection is often required. Following resection, reconstruction techniques available include tricortical iliac grafting, vascularized or non-vascularized fibular grafting, or metatarsal grafting.

Axillary artery thrombosis resulting in upper limb amputation as a COVID-19 sequela.

Novel COVID-19 continues to intrigue medical professionals with its varied presentations. Though it affects the respiratory tract primarily, thrombogenesis has been the Achilles' heel. A 44-year-old man diagnosed with COVID-19 presented with upper limb pain at a local hospital and was found to have thrombosis of the right axillary artery.

A family with hyponatremia and the nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.

Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) is an X-linked disorder caused by activating mutations in arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2), resulting in persistently concentrated urine. We report on a family affected by NSIAD with the known mutation R137C, an arginine to cysteine substitution at amino acid 137. The spectrum of symptoms varied markedly and ranged from infrequent voiding to incidentally noted hyponatremia to recurrent admissions with hyponatremic seizures.

Circadian rhythmicity of salivary leptin in healthy subjects.

In humans, circulating leptin correlates with body weight and fat mass. The main source of leptin is adipose tissue although placenta has been shown to produce leptin. More recently leptin and its receptor have been found in gastric mucosa and salivary gland.